Ancient-1700
Which ancient civilization is associated with early healthcare record-keeping?
Ancient Egypt.
Who invented the microscope lens that allowed organisms to be visualized?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
What two developments during the Industrial Revolution contributed to major progress in medical science?
Development of machinery and ready access to books because of better printing techniques.
According to Louis Pasteur's germ theory, what causes disease?
Microorganisms (germs) cause disease.
How did the rate of healthcare advancement during the 20th century compare with previous time periods?
The 20th century showed the most rapid growth in healthcare up to that time.
What major epidemic occurred in 1918?
The Spanish flu epidemic.
What brain procedure did pediatric neurosurgeon Ben Carson refine/perfect?
Hemispherectomy, a brain surgery used to stop seizures.
What country became the first in the world to legalize euthanasia in 2002?
The Netherlands.
Hippocratic Oath or Code of Ethics
What is used during pasteurization to destroy germs?
Heat.
What did the Romans understand about sanitation and disease prevention
Sanitation and disease prevention; Romans also established early hospitals and emphasized personal hygiene.
What did Benjamin Franklin discover about how colds spread?
Colds could be passed from person to person.
Who invented the stethoscope in 1819?
Rene Laennec.
What substance did Joseph Lister use as an antiseptic to improve infection control during surgery?
Carbolic acid.
What helped scientists and physicians identify the causes of many diseases during the 20th century?
Technological advances.
Who discovered penicillin in 1928?
Sir Alexander Fleming.
What makes stem cells potentially useful in treating diseases and repairing damaged tissues?
They can be programmed to become any type of cell in the human body, giving them potential to treat disease and repair damaged tissues.
In what year did the HIPAA Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information go into effect?
2003.
What part of his body did Anton van Leeuwenhoek scrape to observe bacteria?
His teeth.
How did the stethoscope improve physicians' ability to assess patients?
It allowed physicians to hear internal body sounds more clearly, increasing knowledge of how the body functions.
How would you describe what happened to medical knowledge during the Renaissance?
It was a rebirth/revival of medical knowledge.
Ephraim McDowell was a surgeon from what Kentucky city?
Danville, Kentucky.
Who is known as the Founder of Modern Nursing?
Florence Nightingale.
Who became the first female physician in the United States in 1849?
Elizabeth Blackwell.
What was created to help people pay the costs of healthcare?
Healthcare plans.
What two scientists described the structure of DNA in 1953?
Francis Crick and James Watson.
In what city and state was the first totally implantable artificial heart placed in a patient in 2001?
Louisville, Kentucky.
How do laparoscopic or minimally invasive surgical procedures benefit patients?
They reduce pain and surgical recovery time.
What vision-related device did Benjamin Franklin invent?
Bifocals.
What type of blood cells help protect the body against disease?
White blood cells.
What two areas of medicine advanced significantly during the Renaissance?
Anatomical studies and medical education.
What disease did Edward Jenner's vaccine prevent?
Smallpox.
During what war did Florence Nightingale establish efficient and sanitary nursing units?
The Crimean War.
Who formed the American Red Cross in 1881 and served as its first president?
Clara Barton.
What medication was discovered and used to treat diabetes?
Insulin.
Who performed the first successful human-to-human heart transplant in 1967?
Christian Barnard.
What project identified approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in humans?
The Human Genome Project.
What is the projected potential lifespan for people in the 21st century?
90-100 years.
Why were healthcare standards created?
To help ensure a minimum/standard level of care.
How long did Barney Clark, the first recipient of Jarvik's artificial heart, live after it was implanted?
112 days.
What major disease had a devastating impact during the Dark and Middle Ages?
The bubonic plague.
What surgical procedure did Ephraim McDowell perform for the first time?
An ovariotomy (surgical removal of the ovary); he removed a 22-pound tumor.
Who is known as the Father of Microbiology?
Louis Pasteur.
What important diagnostic technology did Wilhelm Roentgen discover?
Roentgenograms (X-rays).
Name the machine developed during the 20th century that performs the function of failing kidneys.
The kidney dialysis machine.
What medical device did Robert Jarvik create?
The first artificial heart.
Why were military personnel and first responders vaccinated against smallpox in 2002?
Because of the threat of bioterrorism.
What does WHO stand for, and what does this organization do to help protect global health?
World Health Organization; it monitors health problems throughout the world and takes steps to help prevent pandemics.
What were early pharmacists who made, prescribed, and sold medications called?
Apothecaries.
Compare the polio vaccines developed by Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin. What type of vaccine did each develop?
Salk developed an inactivated-virus vaccine; Sabin developed an oral vaccine. The inactivated vaccine is used in the U.S. today.