Early migration and geography
The first occupants of North America came from this continent about 30,000 years ago.
What is Asia?
Because they stayed in one place to farm, the Iroquois are described as having this type of lifestyle.
What is sedentary?
The Iroquois relied on agricultural crops known as the "Three Sisters": corn, squash, and this staple.
What are beans?
The shared spiritual belief among Indigenous peoples that everything in nature (animals, plants, rocks) possesses a spirit.
What is Animism?
Because Indigenous peoples did not use money, goods were exchanged directly using this system.
What is barter?
Archaeologists call this ancient land bridge connecting Siberia and Alaska "Beringia".
What is the Bering Strait?
Algonquian and Inuit peoples followed game and changed camps seasonally, giving them this type of lifestyle.
What is nomadic?
In Iroquois society, kinship and lineage were traced through the mother, making their social structure this.
What is matrilineal (or Matriarchy)?
These spiritual leaders possessed the unique ability to interpret dreams, foretell the future, talk with spirits, and heal the sick.
Who are Shamans?
The primary mode of water transportation used across lakes and rivers during summer trade.
What is the Canoe?
The three main Indigenous language families around 1500 were the Iroquoian, Algonquian, and this Arctic family.
What is the Inuit family?
Iroquoian villages were made up of these large wooden structures, which housed between 5 to 10 families.
What are Longhouses?
Because men held decision-making power and provided food through hunting, Algonquin and Inuit societies were this.
What is patrilineal (or Patriarchy)?
Without a formal writing system, Indigenous history, culture, and creation myths were passed down through this method.
What is Oral Tradition?
Meeting points where multiple waterways join together—serving as ideal gathering spots for trade—are called this.
What are Confluences?
The Iroquois lived in this fertile geographic region, ideal for practicing agriculture.
What are the St. Lawrence Lowlands?
Algonquian nations built these portable, quick-to assemble shelters covered in bark or animal skins.
What are Wigwams (or Tipis)?
This Iroquoian creation was made out of clay and used specifically to store and preserve their harvested food.
What is pottery?
Indigenous peoples honored Earth as the sacred provider of their subsistence, calling her by this name.
Who is Mother Earth?
In addition to canoes, the Inuit used seal skin kayaks on water and these ivory/bone vehicles over ice and snow.
What are Sleds (or Dogsleds)?
Algonquian nations primarily occupied this vast region characterized by dense forests, rocky terrain, and cold climate.
What is the Canadian Shield?
During the winter, the Inuit built these snow-block shelters for warmth and temporary protection.
What are Igloos?
The main cultural reason Iroquoians engaged in warfare was to avenge lost clan members and adopt these people.
Who are captives?
The Hurons considered this plant a magical herb, tossing it into flames or smoking it in a pipe to send messages to the gods.
What is tobacco?
Besides the St. Lawrence River and Tadoussac, this major river was highlighted as a key trade gathering hub.
What is the Ottawa River? or What is the Outaouais River