Back to the Basics
the smallest unit of matter that still retains the chemical properties of the element.
Atom
Carbohydrates contain what type of atoms/elements?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What type of bonds join polypeptides together?
Peptide bond
Lipids usually are considered "water hating"
What is the word we use to describe this?
Hydrophobic
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil (C,T,U)
Polymer
How many carbons does ribose have?
5
What is the monomer of the protein world?
Which of these two types of fats have double bonds?Unsaturated OR Saturated
What is Unsaturated
DNA is short for ___________________?
deoxyribonucleic acid
a pure substance that has specific physical/chemical properties, can’t be broken down into a simpler substance.
Element
What is the branched form of starch called?
amylopectin
What type of enzymes are not bound to their cofactors?
Apoenzymes
What are the two main components of a triglyceride lipid?
a glycerol backbone (three carbons and three hydroxyl groups) and three fatty acids (long hydrocarbon tails).
What is the nucleotide that replaces "T" in RNA?
What is Uracil
These are forces that exist between molecules and affect physical properties of the substance.
Intermolecular Forces
What are the three types of carbohydrates that can form?
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
By what method are peptide bonds formed and broken?
dehydration (condensation) reactions, and hydrolysis reactions
A lipid molecules that have a glycerol backbone, one phosphate group, and two fatty acids is called a _________? Hint: It forms the lipid bilayer in cells
Phospholipids
The two purines nucleotides that are used to build DNA
What are Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)
These are attractive forces that hold atoms within a molecule.
Intramolecular Forces
List the 3 disaccharides you need to know for the exam
● Sucrose - glucose + fructose disaccharide.
● Lactose - galactose + glucose disaccharide.
● Maltose - glucose + glucose disaccharide.
What are the two different types of organic cofactors called?
Coenzymes and Prosthetic groups
This molecule is often times referred to as "bad cholesterol"
Low-density Lipoprotein (LDLs)
What nucleotides can bond to each other in the formation of DNA?
A can only H-bond to T and G can only H-bond to C