Identities and Socialization
What term did Philippe Aries use to describe the concept that children in the Middle Ages were seen as no different from adults?
Childhood identities
Who developed the four types of masculinities?
Schauer
What did Karl Marx advocate for in terms of societal change?
A proletarian revolution against bourgeois capitalists to take over the means of production
What does Ossorio claim about differences between various ethnic groups?
There are no inherent differences between ethnic groups
What main idea did Althusser contribute to Marxist theory?
The concept of repressive state apparatuses controlling society
According to Ann Oakley, how are feminine identities typically shaped?
In childhood through different socialization processes for girls and boys
What are two types of masculinities identified by Schauer?
Subordinate and Complicit (also Marginalized and Subversive)
What is the concept of power as defined by Weber?
Power can be coersive/force or consensual power/authority
According to Foucault, how does modern power differ from power in previous eras?
Modern power is opaque and less visible compared to the overt power of kings and queens in previous eras
What are the four functional subsystems of a society according to structuralism, as discussed by Parsons?
Political, economic, cultural, and family
Name one of the three types of female identities described by Ann Oakley.
Contingent, Assertive, or Autonomous
Who argued that gender identities are a result of social construction, not biological destiny?
Connell et al.
How do Bowles and Gintis describe the relationship between school norms and workplace norms?
They propose a correspondence between the two, indicating a replication of social hierarchies and capitalist values
Describe the kind of research conducted by Garfinkel in interactionist studies.
He disrupted people's daily lives to observe how they responded, highlighting the fragility of social order
What primary effect does school have on children according to Parsons’ theory of secondary socialization?
Emancipates the child from the family and helps internalize society's values
What theory did George Herbert Mead develop regarding self-awareness?
The theory of the self as made up of the 'me' and 'I' (Symbolic interactionism)
What social movement is associated with the study and advocacy of female identities, as discussed by Ann Oakley?
Feminism
What recent global economic effect on class identities is described by Peele?
A blurring of traditional class identities
What is the main assertion of Wrong's concept of the "over-socialized conception of man"?
He argues that despite the strong influence of socialization, individuals retain the freedom to act independently of it
500 points: What unique perspective on norms and social control was offered by Goffman? Answer: He suggested that norms are more open to interpretation than roles or values, indicating fluidity in social expectations
100 points: What main idea did Althusser contribute to Marxist theory? Answer: The concept of repressive state apparatuses controlling society
200 points: What are the four functional subsystems of a society according to structuralism, as discussed by Parsons? Answer: Political, economic, cultural, and family
300 points: What primary effect does school have on children according to Parsons’ theory of secondary socialization? Answer: Emancipates the child from the family and helps internalize society's values
400 points: What did Giddens mean by "structuration" in his analysis of society? Answer: He identifies structures and action as important in analyzing the relationship between society and the individual
500 points: How did Miller view working-class subcultures in terms of their societal roles and attributes? Answer: He described them as embodying nonconformity through traits like trouble, toughness, smartness, fate, excitement, and autonomy.
This game format encourages a deep dive into
What did Giddens mean by "structuration" in his analysis of society?
He identifies structures and action as important in analyzing the relationship between society and the individual
According to Berger and Luckmann, what is the purpose of secondary socialization?
To liberate the individual from dependence on primary attachments and relationships formed within the family group
Discuss the concept of “complicit” masculinity as identified by Schauer.
Complicit masculinity refers to men who benefit from the patriarchy without actively reinforcing it.
According to Savage and Devine, what major project did they undertake to study class identity in Britain?
Conducted the largest ever British class survey, analyzing activities, tastes, and leisure activities
What unique perspective on norms and social control was offered by Goffman?
He suggested that norms are more open to interpretation than roles or values, indicating fluidity in social expectations
How did Miller view working-class subcultures in terms of their societal roles and attributes?
He described them as embodying nonconformity through traits like trouble, toughness, smartness, fate, excitement, and autonomy.