Earliest Native American Groups
an early human who lived by gathering wild plants and hunting wild animals
A flat-topped hill with steep sides.
Who was Chief Seattle?
The leader of the Suquamish and Duwamish tribes that worked peacefully with European settlers to coexist with Native Americans peacefully. In honor of him, European settlers changed the name of their village to Seattle.
What was the Plains people's most valued resource?
The buffalo
Define the vocabulary word endeavor.
To try hard to achieve a goal.
What is Beringia and how did it form?
The land bridge that the earliest humans crossed to enter North America from Asia. It formed when sea levels dropped during the Ice Age, exposing land and ice for humans to travel across.
What is hozho?
A cultural belief that means “walking in beauty” where people take part in singing and dancing ceremonies to restore balance with the Earth.
DAILY DOUBLE: Name the Native American group believed in hozho?
Name two ways the Pacific Coast peoples used trees as a resource.
Possible Answers:
building homes, carving totem poles, carving canoes, carving masks, creating household items, building fire
Give two examples of how Native Americans used the buffalo as a resource.
Possible answers:
food, tools, clothing, homes (like teepee covering), cultural practices
Name the two regions of the Eastern Woodlands.
Northeast and Southeast
Why were irrigation systems important for the Hohokam people?
They lived in the dry desert and used irrigation to farm crops for survival.
What did the Navajo learn to farm after the arrival of the Spanish?
Animals like sheep and cattle.
What is the name of a traditional dwelling for Native people of the tundra?
igloo
What was the geography, or terrain, of the Great Plains?
The Great Plains was mostly prairie, flat or gently rolling land covered with mostly grass and wild flowers.
In which region of the Eastern Woodlands was farming easier and why?
The Southeast because of the mild climate, long growing season, and land that was easy to prepare for crops.
What is the main reason early hunter-gatherers crossed into North America?
They were tracking animals for hunting (like wooly mammoths) and followed them across Beringia.
Why are kachinas important to Hopi culture?
Kachinas are spirits who live in sacred places for half of the year and during the other half, they bring rain and the growing season to Hopi villages.
Other than trees, name three resources from the natural environment that Pacific Coast people used to survive.
Possible answers:
the ocean, ice/snow, wild plants, wild animals
What animal, introduced to North America by the Europeans, changed the lives of Native Americans?
Horses
How did Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands change their clothing based on the climate?
Possible answer:
In hot weather, the men of the Southeastern Woodlands would wear little clothing.
In cold and snow, the men and women of the Northeastern Woodlands would wear snowshoes and warm coats made of animal fur.
Give one examples of how Native Americans adapted to their environment.
Example: Native Americans learned to use irrigation to adapt to living in dry climates. Even though there was very little rain in the desert, irrigation allowed early people to farm.
How did the Hopi use sand dunes for farming?
The Hopi would trap the moisture from sand dunes on the sheer sides of mesas. They would use this moisture to grow crops in the dry desert.
What did the people of the Pacific Northwest believe about all living things?
They believed that all living things, including plants and animals had rights that should be respected.
DAILY DOUBLE: How did this belief affect the way Pacific people lived and used the environment for resources?
How did horses change the lives of Native Americans?
Possible answers:
After taming horses, Native Americans began using them to help hunt and move their camps. Horses allowed Native Americans to travel farther and faster.
Explain the role women had in Iroquois culture.
Women were the leaders of Iroqouis clans. They made all important decisions, including deciding who the male leaders would be. Women decided how the land would be used and who would use it. No important decisions were made without the approval of the clan mother.