Politics
Who had the right to vote in the 1850s?
men who owned property, but not Aboriginals (not women either)
In 1861, inhabitants of which origin formed the majority of the population of Canada East?
French Catholic
Why did the Irish have to quarantine at Grosse Île? Where is it?
-They spent 2-3 months on dirty, overcrowded ships coming to the colonies and got Typhus (ship fever)
-Saint Lawrence River (Quebec)
What were typical female jobs?
- spin wool
- help milk the cows
- sweep
- take care of their brothers and sisters
- knit
- garden
What are the main characteristics of industrialization?
-Introduction of the steam engine, which produces mechanical energy
-Increase in production of goods
-Hiring of more workers
-People moving from countryside to cities
-Dangerous working conditions
What members of government did the Queen pick/influence?
the governor general (someone of British nobility)
-the governor general then chooses the legislative council (generally chooses conservatives very loyal to London)
In 1861, inhabitants of which origin formed the majority of the population of Canada West?
British Protestant
What were the industries in Ontario? Atlantic provinces?
-Ontario was textile, clothing, iron (manufactured products for the home), construction, and paper industries
-Atlantic provinces were shipbuilding, fishing and overseas trade (most populated areas) and agriculture and lumber production in less populated areas
What were typical male jobs?
- feed livestock
- gather firewood
- clear the farm fields
- repair fences
-At 14 years old, they work in the fields all day long
What is the difference between workshops and factories?
WORKSHOPS:
-Hire only a small number of specialized workers because products are made by hand
INDUSTRIES:
-Most workers are non-specialized because work is mechanized
Why was Newfoundland not included in the Charlottetown conference (to discuss a union of the Maritime provinces)?
The Cabot Strait was too dangerous to cross by sailboat (choppy Atlantic ocean waters)
During the 1830s and 1840s, there was a large wave of immigration from Europe, caused by:
Poverty and famine
How did the quarantine work? (think about how the island was organized)
Sick passengers were on one side of the island, passengers in good health were on the opposite side of the island
How did they heat the home? What did they do for light? How did they get water?
-wood stove to heat the house
-candles and oil lamps for lighting
-they had to pump water from a pump outside into a bucket
Who did business owners recruit to do the work in the factories? What were working conditions like?
-people from poor neighbourhoods and immigrants
-terrible working conditions (no safety equipment for dangerous work, women and children got paid less than men, kids working at age 6, employers hit them sometimes)
Why did some people in British Columbia think becoming part of the United States would be better?
-they were many Americans who went to BC for the Fraser River Gold Rush
-they though a republic would be better than a monarchy
Where did these immigrants come from during the Great Migration?
Germany, Netherlands and Ireland (Europe)
Who is Harriet Tubman?
An escaped slave they called the Black Moses who was the main conductor of the Underground Railway-she did 19 secret missions back into the South to free slaves
What are the work hours? How many day a week?
From sunrise to sunset, every day but Sunday
What were the industries in Canada-East (Quebec?) What was the first city to industrialize?
-food (sugar refineries, bakeries, cheese factories), footwear (shoes, boots), textiles (sheets, clothing, curtains)
-Montreal
What is the difference between a monarchy and a republic?
In a monarchy, the power is hereditary (you are born into it) and you becoming queen or king, whereas a republic is where the power is shared by multiple people who are elected
Why did the Irish immigrate to Canada?
The Great Potato Famine-potato crops failed
What is the Underground Railway? How did it work?
-A secret network of people and safe houses to help Black Slaves escape slavery in the States and come to Canada
-They had code words and phrases that seemed to be about trains
-they sang gospel songs with hidden messages
-they hung quilts with patterns woven into them that had hidden meanings
-they followed the North Star
-they travelled at night and hid by day
-they waded in the water so the tracking dogs couldn't find them
-they hid under produce in wagons
How did they get food? What did they do without refrigeration to make food last longer?
-They had to grow it or hunt for it
-They made preservatives out of fruit
-They dried and salted the meat
Why did the Prairies industrialize later than the other colonies? What were the industries in the two western colonies (New Caledonia and Vancouver Island)
-It was forbidden by the owner of the territory, the Hudson's Bay Company; who did not want industry to disrupt its trading activities (Trapping, hunting, and fur trading)
-Lumber and timber transport