Characteristics of muscles
What are the three basic muscle types found in the body:
Skeletal,Cardiac, Smooth muscle
What is a Sarcolemma?
Cell membrane for muscle cells
Define Extensibility:
Ability of muscle cells to be stretched
Give an example of Endurance Exercise:
Biking, jogging, swimming, etc.
Name the two chewing muscles:
What is the body location of Skeletal, Cardiac, and smooth muscle:
Skeletal: attached to the bone or skin (for some facial muscles)
Cardiac: Walls of the heart
Smooth: Mostly in walls of visceral organs
Define a Sarcomere:
Contractile unit of a muscle fiber
Define Synaptic Cleft:
Area between the nerve and muscle is filled with interstitial fluid
Muscles are attached to at least two points, What are those points?
Origin and Insertion
Name the facial muscles:
Frontalis, Orbicularis Oculi, Buccinator, and Zygomaticus
Name the Connective tissue wrappings of Skeletal Muscle from inside to outside:
Cells are surrounded and bundled by connective tissue:
Endomysium (Encloses a single muscle fiber), Perimysium (wraps around a bundle of muscle fibers), Epimysium (covers the entire skeletal muscle), Fascia (on the outside of the epimysium)
Define Thick and Thin Filaments:
Thick filaments are myosin filaments that are composed of protein myosin and have heads (extensions, cross bridges)
Thin filaments are actin filaments that are composed of protein actin and anchored to the Z disc
What is the Neurotransmitter for Skeletal Muscle:
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Show me an example of Abduction, Adduction, And Circumduction
abduction: limb away from the midline.
Adduction: limb towards the midline.
Circumduction: Combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. (Common in ball and socket joints) *arm circles*
What are the muscles of the Abdominal Girdle:
Define Aponeuroses and its function:
Sheet like structures that attach muscles indirectly to bones, cartilages, or connective tissue coverings.
Myofibrils are aligned to give distinct bands, What are those two bands and what do they contain?
I-Band: Light band, Contains only Thin filaments
A-Band: Dark band, contains the entire length of the Thick filaments
Isometric: muscle contraction but does not shorten, and no movement
Isotonic: muscle contraction that shortens as it contracts, and movement occurs
Show me an example of Dorsiflexion, Plantar flexion, Inversion, Eversion:
Plantar flexion: pointing toes down
Inversion: turning the sole of the foot medial (in)
Eversion: turning the sole of the foot lateral (out)
Name the muscles of the forearm that insert on the hand bones and cause their movement:
Flexor Carpi, Flexor Digitorum, Extensor Carpi, and Extensor Digitorum
What are all of the Skeletal muscle functions:
Produce Movement, Maintain posture, Stabilize joints, and Generate heat.
At Rest, Within the A band there is a zone that lacks actin filaments..what is it called?
Either H zone or Bare Zone
Explain the Sliding Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction:
1.) Activation by nerve causes myosin heads to attach to binding sites on the thin filament.
2.) Myosin heads then bind to the next site of the thin filament and pull them toward the center of the sarcomere.
3.) This continued action causes a sliding of the myosin along the actin
4.) The result is that the muscle is shortened. (Contracted)
Define a Synergist muscle:
a muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation
Name the muscles causing movement at the hip joint:
Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius, Iliopsoas, and Adductor Muscles