DATA
Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis
data
A numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample
statistic
Lowest level of measurement, which consists of assigning numbers as labels for categories. These numbers have no numerical interpretation
nominal level
The entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn
population
Data categorized according to characteristic or quality
Qualitative data
Collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on data
Statistics
Level of measurement that can be arranged in some order, but differences between data values either cannot be determined or are meaningless
ordinal level
A subset of the population
sample
Data that is represented by measurements or counting
Quantitative data
The branch of statistics that includes numerical, graphical, and tabular methods for organizing and summarizing data
Descriptive statistics
Like the ordinal level, with the additional property that the difference between any two data values is meaningful, however, there is no natural zero starting point (where none of the quantity is present)
interval level
A numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population
parameter
The process by which treatments are assigned by a chance mechanism to the experimental units
randomization
The branch of statistics that uses samples to draw conclusions about a population
Inferential statistics
Data can be arranged in order, differences can be found, and are meaningful, and there is a natural zero starting point (where zero indicates none of the quantity is present). Differences and ratios between data values are both meaningful
ratio level
A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process
experiment