Chapter 10: Arbitrariness & Inconsistency
Something that does not have a specific reason.
Arbitrary
The definition of a word found in a dictionary or lexicon.
Lexical Definition
The object or idea to which a word points or symbolizes.
Referent
The study of the principles of correct reasoning that focuses on the structure (or form) of the argument.
Formal logic
A category of logical fallacy in which the argument has used words or phrases in way that is confusing or vague.
Fallacy of Ambiguity
An informal argument is _______ if the conclusion is likely to be true.
Cogent
A declaration of the meaning of a word or phrase that does not already have an established use.
Stipulative definition
The quality of being unclear in meaning; the capacity to be understood in two or more ways.
Ambiguity
An argument that is valid and also has true premises. It always has a true conclusion.
Informal Logic
A category of logical fallacy in which the argument has assumed something that is unproved or doubtful.
Fallacy of Presumption
At variance or not compatible. Two things are __________ if they do not go well together.
Inconsistent
The definition of a word that is consistent with its lexical definition, but which adds further restrictions for the purpose of clarification or scientific precision.
Precising Definition
Inclined or prejudiced to a particular position.
Biased
A categorical argument containing two premises and one conclusion.
Syllogism
A category of logical fallacy in which the conclusion of the argument is not strongly relevant to the premises.
Fallacy of Relevance
Chapter 1 Recap - A positive mental attitude toward a proposition: something a person accepts as true.
Belief
A stipulative or lexical definition that is associated with a particular scientific theory.
Theoretical Definition
A written or spoken symbol that represents something else. Words are ______ _______.
Linguistic Token
An argument in which the conclusion follows logically from the premises, regardless of whether the premises are true.
Valid
Chapter 2 Recap - It is true, justified belief.
Knowledge
Chapter 1 Recap - Contrary to the mind of God. Something is ________ if it is something that God would never say.
False
A fallacious definition, not found in any dictionary, that is intended to persuade someone. (Rhetorical definition.)
Persuasive Definition
What is your favorite class at COACH?
Intro to Logic
Chapter 13 Question - an argument with unstated premise or an unstated conclusion.
Enthumeme
Chapter 3 Recap - Disobedience to God
Sin