Basic concepts
What is solubility?
The maximum amount of a substance that can dissolve in a 100g of solvent at a specific temperature.
How does temperature usually affect the solubility of solid substances?
Solubility usually increases as temperature increases.
mass percentage formula
divide the mass of the solute by the mass of the solution and multiply by 100%.
Why does hot water clean greasy dishes better than cold water?
Higher temperature increases solubility of fats and oils.
If you add more solute and it dissolves completely, what type is the solution?
Unsaturated
What is a solute?
The substance that is dissolved.
How does temperature affect the solubility of gases in liquids?
Gas solubility decreases as temperature increases.
If a substance has a solubility of 20 g per 100 g of water, how much will dissolve in 200 g of water?
40 g
Why are carbonated drinks kept in refrigerators?
Gas solubility increases at lower temperatures.
If adding more solute causes it to settle at the bottom, what type is the solution?
Saturated
A solution that contains as much solute as will dissolve at a specific temperature.
satureated solution
While it speeds up the process of dissolution, this action has no effect on the actual solubility of a substance.
stirring
If 80 g of solute is added to 100 g of water, but solubility is 60 g, how much precipitate forms?
20g
Freshly prepared tea with a small amount of sugar that fully dissolves — what type of solution is it?
Unsaturated.
If a crystal dropped into a clear solution causes rapid crystallization, what type was it?
Supersaturated
This liquid is often referred to as the universal solvent due to its high dissolving capacity.
Water
This type of solution is unstable because it contains more dissolved solute than it normally would at a given temperature.
supersaturated solution
This is the mass of glucose needed to prepare 400 g of a 15% solution.
60 g.
What type of solution has a small amount of solute compared to solvent?
Dilute
A solution has 30 g dissolved, but the maximum at that temperature is 50 g. What type?
Unsaturated
It is a homogeneous mixture where all components are uniformly mixed.
Solution
Name factors that affect solubility.
Temperature, pressure
If the solubility of salt is 37g/100g at 20°C, find the maximum amount of salt that can dissolve in 350 g of water.
129.5 g
Why does honey crystallize over time?
It becomes supersaturated with sugar, leading to crystallization.
A solution contains 60 g dissolved, but solubility is 50 g at that temperature. What must happen?
10 g will precipitate until the solution becomes saturated.