Skill Deficits
When a student has not learned a skill or did not master it before instruction stopped.
What is a skill deficit?
Behaviors that serve the same function as a challenging behavior but are more appropriate.
What are positive replacement behaviors?
A strategy that teaches students a new way to communicate instead of engaging in problem behavior.
What is Functional Communication Training (FCT)?
Broad statements that identify the skill or behavior to increase, decrease, or maintain.
What are goals?
The first stage of learning where students begin developing new skills.
What is acquisition?
One common reason for skill acquisition failure when tasks are too difficult for the learner’s developmental level.
What is instruction that is too challenging for the student?
Two qualities replacement behaviors should have to be effective for students.
What are efficient and functionally equivalent?
A reinforcement strategy that increases appropriate behavior while reducing problem behavior.
What is Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA)?
Smaller steps that help achieve a larger behavioral goal.
What are objectives?
The stage of learning focused on increasing speed and accuracy of performance.
What is fluency?
A major consequence of skill deficits that often leads to challenging behaviors such as noncompliance or school refusal.
What is frustration?
A guideline stating that replacement behaviors should address the same need as the challenging behavior.
What is serving the same function as the target behavior?
A communication system using pictures for learners with limited verbal skills.
What is the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)?
The part of an objective that describes what the student must do.
What is the performance?
The stage where students continue using a skill over time.
What is maintenance?
A type of deficit that can lead to challenging behavior when students cannot express their needs.
What are communication deficits?
The factor teachers must identify before selecting a replacement behavior.
What is the function of the behavior?
An intervention that teaches students to control and monitor their own behavior.
What is self-management?
The component of an objective that describes how well the behavior must be performed.
What is the criterion?
The stage where skills transfer to new settings or situations.
What is generalization?
Three categories of instruction used to address skill deficits and replace challenging behavior.
What are teaching replacement behaviors, teaching general skills, and teaching coping strategies?
Three criteria used when selecting replacement behaviors.
What are efficiency, functional equivalence, and social acceptability?
Three examples of self-management strategies used in schools.
What are self-monitoring, self-instruction, and self-reinforcement?
The three components required in a well-written behavioral objective.
What are conditions, performance, and criterion?
Six elements typically included in a plan for teaching replacement behaviors.
What are rationale, identifying learners, materials, instructional antecedent arrangement, instructional procedures, and evaluation procedures?