10.2
Natural Selection
Random
11.1/11.3
11.2/11.5
100
The more genetic variation a population has, the more likely it is that some individuals will a. migrate. b. evolve. c. mutate. d. survive.
What is d. survive.
100
Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from other subspecies of giraffes? a. chromosome number b. available niches c. available food resources d. existing predators
What is a. chromosome number
100
What did Charles Darwin learn from the fossils of a giant armadillo that he found in Argentina? a. An earthquake led to the armadillo's extinction. b. Modern animals may be related to fossilized organisms. c. Armadillos used to be marine organisms. d. Fossils do not resemble modern animals.
What is b. Modern animals may be related to fossilized organisms.
100
Fighting between male elephant seals over females is an example of a. bottleneck effect. b. intersexual selection. c. intrasexual selection. d. founder effect.
What is c. intrasexual selection.
100
Reproductive isolation occurs when a. the gene pools of different populations have become very diversified. b. a small number of individuals moves and starts a new population. c. members of different populations can no longer mate successfully. d. some catastrophic event greatly reduces the size of a population.
What is c. members of different populations can no longer mate successfully.
200
In the Galápagos Islands, Charles Darwin saw different species of finch on different islands. This led him to theorize that species a. create their own environment. b. are found in many environments. c. can adapt to their environment. d. choose their best environment.
What is c. can adapt to their environment.
200
According to fossil records, the horses that lived 50 million years ago were much smaller, weaker and slower than modern horses. Which process is most likely responsible for the changes that have led to the increased size, strength, and speed in horses? a. inbreeding b. migration c. evolution by natural selection d. commensalism
What is c. evolution by natural selection
200
What is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species of vertebrates? a. similar environments in the past b. no evolutionary relationship between the groups c. evolution from a distant common ancestor d. recent common ancestry
What is c. evolution from a distant common ancestor
200
What increases genetic variation when animals move from one population to another population? a. gene flow b. sexual selection c. bottleneck effect d. genetic drift
What is a. gene flow
200
In stabilizing selection, what occurs in a population? a. Both extreme phenotypes shift toward the middle. b. The population shifts toward one of two extreme phenotypes. c. The intermediate phenotype becomes rare. d. The intermediate phenotype becomes more common.
What is d. The intermediate phenotype becomes more common
300
What are two main sources of genetic variation? a. recombination and reproduction b. mutations and extinction c. mutations and recombination d. recombination and extinction
What is c. mutations and recombination
300
In his book On the Origin of the Species, Charles Darwin described how species change over time. Which of the following is NOT part of his observations that describes the mechanisms of natural selection? a. Species today descended with modifications from ancestral species. b. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive. c. Organisms with advantages will survive and reproduce. d. Disease and natural disaster will limit population growth.
What is a. Species today descended with modifications from ancestral species.
300
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure? a. the wings of red-tailed hawks b. the fins of a shark c. the hind limbs of a house cat d. the wings of an ostrich
What is d. the wings of an ostrich
300
A small number of birds, blown off course during migration, find an island and colonize it. This population will most likely experience genetic drift as a result of the a. founder effect. b. mutations. c. sexual selection. d. bottleneck effect.
What is a. founder effect.
300
A river has cut a deep canyon that has separated a population of rodents into two groups. This separation is an example of what type of isolation? a. geographic b. temporal c. behavioral d. founder
What is a. geographic
400
What is the process in which humans breed organisms for certain traits? a. descent without modification b. artificial selection c. inheritance of acquired characteristics d. natural selection
What is b. artificial selection
400
The monarch butterfly migrates between Canada and Mexico along regular geographical routes over several generations. Monarch butterflies revisit the same areas during their migration to and from Canada and Mexico. Which of these would most likely contribute to the possible extinction of the monarch butterfly? a. adaptation to make their migrations over a different number of generations.. b. Over-breeding during any given migration at a single location along their route. c. predation by bird species along their route d. ecological destruction of any sites to which they regularly return
What is d. ecological destruction of any sites to which they regularly return
400
A tsunami has destroyed almost all of the palm trees in an area. This event will most likely lead to a. microevolution by reproductive isolation. b. gene flow following disruptive selection. c. genetic drift through the bottleneck effect. d. speciation triggered by the founder effect.
What is c. genetic drift through the bottleneck effect.
400
What increases genetic variation when animals move from one population to another population? a. genetic drift b. gene flow c. bottleneck effect d. sexual selection
What is b. gene flow
400
In a population of birds, intermediate beak size is selected against, and both very small and very large beak sizes are favored. What type of selection is this an example of? a. disruptive b. normal c. directional d. stabilizing
What is a. disruptive
500
After many generations, an insect species evolved resistance to a particular pesticide. This occurred because spraying pesticides. a. caused mutations in the insect species gene pool. b. killed most of the insects in the population. c. caused another insect species to go extinct. d. selected for insects that were able to survive and reproduce.
What is d. selected for insects that were able to survive and reproduce.
500
An herbicide killed 99% of a weed population. Which of the following is the best biological explanation for why some weeds were able to survive? a. some individuals were able to evolve before the spraying b. the spray caused some individuals to mutate, and they were able to survive and reproduce. c. genetic variation in the population allowed some weeds to survive d. Each individual occupied a different ecological niche and so some were unaffected.
What is c. genetic variation in the population allowed some weeds to survive
500
Over time, the climate of an island became drier, which resulted in changes to the populations of various island finch species. Finch populations with a certain beak shape thrived, while those not having that beak shape decreased. Which of the following describes a necessary condition for these changes in the finch populations to occur? a. limited beak variations b. overproduction of offspring c. fewer mutations d. limited food resources
What is d. limited food resources
500
A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period of time. How will genetic drift probably affect the population? a. It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits. b. It will reduce genetic diversity. c. It will accelerate the appearance of new traits. d. It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits.
What is b. It will reduce genetic diversity.
500
An earthquake causes an ocean channel to open up on an island where a low area previously existed. The island's lizard population is now separated on the two parts of the island, providing an example of a. disruptive selection. b. temporal isolation. c. behavioral isolation. d. geographic isolation.
What is d. geographic isolation.
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