Definitions
Mutation
What is the most basic type of cancer treatment?
How many stages are there of Cancer?
4 Stages
True or False: Are most carcinogens are also mutations?
True.
Is it a small proportion or high proportion of cancers due to inherited mutations in cancer-associated genes?
Low Proportion
What is an allele?
Different versions of the same gene
Which two treatments are targeted therapies?
Target Therapy and Immunotherapy
What is the order of the stages of cancer?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
What are the 3 ways that mutations arise?
1. Inheritance
2. DNA Replication Error
3. Environmental Insults
What do Proto-oncogenes normally do?
promote cell division and differentiation
What are the two types of tumors?
( __________ Tumor and _____________ Tumor)
Malignant & Benign
Which two treatments are conventional treatments?
Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy
What happens if the mutated oncogene allows the cell to divide more often without normal checks?
At what locations do mutations increase the risk for developing breast cancer?
BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene
What are the "go-signals" known as?
Proto-oncogenes
What is Immunotherapy?
using the immune system to recognize cancer cells
What are the four most common ways to treat/destroy cancer cells?
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Targeted Therapy
Immunotherapy
What is the 2nd stage of cancer development?
DNA replication error are not corrected, producing an oncogene.
What are the four types of point mutations?
silent
missense
nonsense
frameshift
What are the "stop signals" known as?
Tumor Suppressor Genes
What is metastasis?
the spread of cancer cells
Which treatments will harm normal cells and which treatments will only affect cancerous cells?
Harm Normal: Chemotherapy & Radiation
Harm only Cancerous: Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy
What develops in stages as mutations develop in the cell?
Tumors
DOUBLE: What are two types of environmental insults?
mutagens and carcinogens
What do tumor-suppressor genes normally do?
pause cell division, repair DNA, or initiate cell death (apoptosis)