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Men experienced in judging the approximate value of coins, discovering counterfeit currency, and determining ones currency value in relation to another.
What are moneychangers?
First class of a craft guild; lived in the home of a master for two to seven years and learned trade skills and proper conduct.
What is an apprentice?
Scholars who united for the common purpose of education.
What are universitas?
Student of Robert Grosseteste and was influenced in the areas of optics and astronomy. Made contributions in the areas of physics, geography, and optics. Advocated observation and experimentation as tests for scientific conclusions.
The prevalent architechture style in Europe from 1050-1150; means "Roman-like".
What is Romanesque?
"bench"; table of the moneychangers.
What is a banca?
Second class of a craft guild;"day laborer"; could seek employment and earn wages as a skilled worker.
What is a journeyman?
A twelfth-century intellectual movement that was characterized by a renewed interest in theology and philosophy.
What is Scholasticism?
Common spoken language.
What is a Vernacular?
Light and delicate architecture beginning in the thirteenth century with flying buttresses, higher ceilings, thinner walls, larger windows and doors, and stained glass windows.
What is Gothic?
A price that included the cost of materials, a fair return for the labor expended, and a reasonable profit.
What is "Just price"?
Third class of a craft guild; could open his own shop and take on apprentices and journeyman.
What is a master?
The three most significant Scholastic thinkers who,in their writings, wrestled with the relationship between revelation and reason.
Who were Anselm,Peter Aberlard, and Thomas Aquinas?
Two greatest writers of the late Medieval period.
Who were Dante Alighieri and Geoffrey Chaucer?
Papal power and prestige reached its zenith under him. No one before or after him exercised such extensive authority over both church and state.
Who was Pope Innocent lll?
A legal document that outlined the privileges granted to a town by a Feudal Lord.
What is a charter?
An association composed of man than seventy German cities in northwestern Europe;sought to organize and control trade in Sweden,Russia,Flanders,and England.
What is the Hanseatic League/
Advocated the frequent asking of questions as the "first key to wisdom". Church leaders viewed his emphasis on reason as dangerous to the teachings of the Roman Chruch.
Who was Peter Abelard?
An Italian poet. His Divine Comedy ranks as one of the most brilliant works in all literature. In this poem he describes a journey through hell, purgatory, and paradise.
Who was Dante Alighieri?
Declining power of the Papacy became apparent under him. Wanted to rule like Pope Innocent lll but conditions had changed and caused his demands to be met with stiff resistance.
Who was Popen Boniface Vll?
Organizations whose primary function was to regulate the business activity of a given town.
What are guilds?
Social class mostly composed of merchants, bankers, craftsman, and skilled laborers.
What is the Middle class?
"The prince of schoolmen"Said that Aristotle's philosophy could be used to understand theological ideas, but he also said if Aristotle philosophy and the church's teachers disagreed the church was right and Aristotle was wrong.
Who was Thomas Aquinas?
English poet. Wrote The Canterbury Tales which described stories told by pilgrims on their way to visit the tomb of Thomas a Becket at Canterbury. Showed people insight on English lifestyle and custom.
Who was Geoffrey Chaucer?
Famous papal document.
What was the Unam Sanctam?