Periodic Table Facts
A chart of the elements arranged in rows and columns according to their physical and chemical properties
Periodic Table
True or false: Elements in the same group have similar properties
true! elements in the same column have similar properties, not elements in the same periods
what are 2 properties of metals
Most metals are good conductors of electricity, Fairly high melting points, Have a high density, luster, ductile, malleable, corrode
What are the four elements of life
Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
what is a metalloid
an element with properties of both metals and nonmetals
True or false: Mendeleev predicted the properties of missing elements based on their position in the periodic table
true
rows of elements are called a
period
Tend to lose electrons in chemical reactions
list 2 properties of nonmetals
Appear dull in appearance
No luster
Brittle and break easily
Have lower densities
Do not conduct heat and electricity well
Have lower melting points than metals
What is 1 property of a metalloid
Can be found along the zigzag line
Metalloids are solids.
They are brittle.
They are semi-conductive (semi-conductors).
They have average heat conductivity.
They are ductile+ malleable
All solids
This person arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass for the periodic table
Dmitri Mendeleev
columns of elements are called a
group or family
What is group 1 called and how many valence electrons do they have? What about group 2?
Group 1: alkali metals have 1 valence electron
group 2: alkaline metals have 2 valence electrons
Group 13, the Boron family, has how many valence electrons?
3
atomic number is what?
number of protons in the nucleus
This scientist determined that when the elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic number, elements with similar physical and chemical properties fell into place without exception
Henry Mosely
Is hydrogen (group 1) a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid
nonmetal! even though it is in group 1 it is an exception
what is 1 property of a transition element (Groups 3-12: transition elements)
All metals
Higher densities than group 1 or 2
greater strength than group 1 or 2
React less quickly with oxygen than elements in families (groups) 1 and 2.
They form many compounds
Can be found free in nature or combined.
Group 17, the halogen family, react with metals and form what?
Salts!
explain what an isoptope is
atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
What four pieces of information are included on the squares of elements on the periodic table
Each square gives its atomic number, chemical symbol, name, and atomic mass.
WHY do elements in the same groups have similar properties?
Because elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons in their outermost energy level
What are the two rows of transition metals at the bottom of the periodic table.
What is special about group 18, the noble gases?
Their outermost energy level is full
Do not combine with other elements except under special conditions.
explain what an ion is
an atom, or a molecule, in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving the atom or molecule a net positive or negative electrical charge.