Plants are autotrophic organisms that obtain energy for their survival through the process of?
What is photosynthesis?
100
The pigment that gives a plant its green color and absorbs light in the chloroplast?
What is chlorophyll?
100
The source molecule for carbon, providing most of the dry mass of a plant.
What is carbon dioxide?
100
Generally thought of as wasteful, this occurs when RuBisCO adds oxygen to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
What is photorespiration?
100
Both chloroplasts and mitochondria produce ATP by this process.
What is chemiosmosis?
200
Photosynthesis converts _______ energy to chemical energy.
What is light energy?
200
The colors of light absorbed by chlorophyll
What are blue and red light?
200
A major carbohydrate metabolic intermediate that can be produced by three cycles of the Calvin Cycle.
What is glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate? (G3P)
200
These separate oxygen generation from the Calvin cycle into different cell types.
What are C4 plants?
200
The site of electron transport and of the ATP synthase used in photosynthesis
What is the thylakoid membrane?
300
Photosynthesis occurs in what organelle in a plant cell?
What is a chloroplast?
300
As this increases, the energy of electromagnetic radiation decreases
What is a wavelength?
300
The enzyme that catalyzes fixation of CO2 into carbohydrates
What is RuBisCO?
300
Familiar from the last step of glycolysis, this intermediate is the usual acceptor for CO2 in both C4 and CAM plants. (acronym is sufficient)
What is PEP? (phopshoenolpyruvate)
300
The folds of the inner mitochondria membrane and the stacks of thylakoid both serve to increase this.
What is surface area?
400
Gases, such as carbon dioxide and oxygen, pass in and out of a plant through these pores.
What is the stomata?
400
The light-harvesting complex at which water is "split" O2 gas is generated.
What is photosystem II?
400
Supplies the high-energy electrons to reduce 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?
What is NADPH (+H+)?
400
Specialized cells for the Calvin cycle in C4 plants where only photosystem I operates (to limit oxygen).
What are bundle-sheath cells?
400
Because of electron transport, both the inter-membrane space of mitochondria and the thylakoid space in chloroplasts have ______ pH
What is low? (or acidic)
500
This requires both photosystems to get electrons from oxygen eventually to reduce NADP+ to NADPH +H+
What is "linear electron flow" or the "Z scheme."
500
Acting alone, this can generate ATP through the electron transport system, but not O2 gas
What is Photosystem 1?
500
Notoriously inefficient in both water use and energy production, these plants use RuBisCO to fix carbon dioxide directly from air (with no intermediate steps).
What are C3 plants?
500
These store CO2 in organic acids to be used during the day, when their stomata are closed.
What are CAM plants?
500
A the final electron acceptor in respiration and the initial electron donor in photosynthesis.