Numbered Treaties
We are on Treaty ___ territory.
Treaty 6.
Today, the North West Mounted Police are know as ____________ .
The RCMP (Royal Canadian Mounted Police)
What Prime Minister won the federal election after he campaigned the "National Policy".
John A. Macdonald.
How much of Canada did the CPR span? Where did it start, where did it end?
From the Pacific (West) Coast to the Atlantic (East) Coast. Vancouver to Halifax.
Who was the prime minister in 1896 that began Canada's advertising campaign to attract immigrants to the Canadian West?
Wilfrid Laurier, the first Canadien PM.
How did the Canadian government record the Treaties? How did First Nations record the Treaties?
Canadian government = writting
First Nations = oral tradition
What contraband did American outlaws at Fort Whoop-Up sell to first Nations?
Firewater (flavoured whiskey)
What is the "Pacific Scandal"?
John A. Macdonald's government was accused of accepting a bribe from Sir Hugh Allan and giving him the contract to build the CPR.
Which CPR workers were typically given the most dangeorus jobs when building the railway?
Chinese workers.
How did Clifford Sifton plan to attract immigrants?
Colourful poster and pamphlets that depicted the Canadian West in idyllic terms. These posters were written in many languages and placed in train stations, immigration offices, fairs, and exhibitions.
How did the European and First Nations ideas of land differ when signing the Treaties?
Canada thought the Treaties gave them ownership of the land. First Nations did not understand the concept of "owning" the land at all; they wanted to share the land.
What was the Cypress Hills Massacre?
30 members of the Assiniboine First Nations were killed near an illegal whiskey post (Fort Whoop-Up) in Southern Alberta.
Describe the 1st national Policy: promoting Canadian Industry
Macdonald wanted Canadians to buy Canadian products, so he put a tariff on American products.
What was the "Chinese Head Tax"?
The fee Chinese immigrants had to pay before they could enter Canada. The fee was intially 50$, but was raised to 100$, and later 500$.
Name the 3 groups of Eastern Europeans that came to settle and develop the Canadian west.
- Ukranian
- Polish
- Russian (Doukhobor)
Did the First Nations in the United States sign treaties? How did their decision to sign/not sign treaties affect First Nations in Canada and their decision to sign treaties with the Government?
The First Nations did not sign treaties. Instead, violent wars were fought between First Nations and the States, and their land was forcefully taken from them.
What were the NWMP's 4 primary goals?
- Protect the North West Territories from Americans
- Protect White settlers
- Protect CPR surveyors
- Protect CPR workers
Describe the 2nd national Policy: finishing the CPR
Finishing the railway would unite the country, facilite the settlement of the West, and facilitate the trade of goods across the country.
Describe the working conditions Chinese workers had to put up with when building the CPR
- Chinese workers were paid half of white white workers made
- Chinese workers had to pay out of pocket for their food, gear,
- Chinese workers had to build their own lodgings, many of which were not sufficient shelter
- Chinese workers were given the most dangeorus jobs
- Many Chinese workers died from accidents, illness, malnutrition, and the elements.
What was the condition the North West Territories had to meet before the Canadian Government would give them provincial status? What 2 new provinces were created once this condition was met?
What is manifest destiny?
The expansionist belief that European settlers were destined to expand westward across North America, and that this belief was both obvious and certain.
What is the relation between the NWMP and the Numbered treaties?
The NWMP built a trust with First Nations and advised them to sign the numbered treaties with Canada's government.
Describe the 3rd national Policy: settling the West
Attract European immigrants to Western Canada in order to create new communities, farm the land (boost the economy), and ward of American invasion of the prairies.
What act was signed on "Humiliation Day" and what did this act do?
The Chinese immigration Act was signed, and it stopped essentially all Chinese immigrants from entering Canada.
What was the Canadian government's attitude towards immigrants? Who did they wish to attract? Who did they not wish to attract?
The Government thought that "British was best," they mainly wanted to attract English-speaking, protestant immigrants to reinforce Canada's British character. They did not want more French-speaking immigrants.