Socialization
What is the first type of socialization that occurs primarily within the family?
Primary socialization.
What term refers to the physical objects produced by a society, such as cars and books?
Material Culture
What term did Anderson (1983) use to describe societies as mental constructs?
Imagined Communities
What primary agency is the first to socialize individuals, especially children?
Family
What term refers to the ability of individuals to shape the social world through their actions?
Agency
Which sociologist described the 'I' and the 'Me' as aspects of the self?
George Herbert Mead
What term refers to the specific rules showing how people should act in particular situations?
Norms
Which theory argues that societies function like a body, where each institution plays a role in maintaining order?
Functionalism
Name an example of an institution that plays a significant role in secondary socialization.
education, media, religion, peers
Which structuralist theorist emphasized the importance of the economic base in shaping society?
Karl Marx
What is the process of learning the behavioral rules needed to be a member of society?
Socialization
What are the two functions of cultural objects, according to Merton (1957)?
What do Marxists believe is the main structural force shaping society?
Economic relations or capitalist production.
What term refers to the informal curriculum that teaches values and norms in schools?
Hidden Curriculum
What is the name of Giddens’ theory that combines both structure and individual action?
Structuration
What are the two key stages of socialization?
What provides general behavioral guidelines for how people should behave in a role?
Values
What feminist perspective believes patriarchy is the root cause of women's oppression?
Radical Feminism
How does the media influence socialization through its “boundary-marking function,” according to Durkheim?
It promotes acceptable and unacceptable forms of behavior.
How do conflict structuralists, like Marxists, view society?
As based on conflicts between different groups.
What concept refers to children raised without human contact, highlighting the importance of socialization?
Feral Children
Goffman used a theatrical metaphor to describe how people present themselves in everyday life. What term did he use to explain how individuals manage the impressions others have of them through their behavior in different social settings?
Dramaturgy (or "impression management").
According to interactionism, what is the key to understanding human behavior?
Studying people’s interactions and subjective meanings at the micro level.
What term describes influence by peers as a form of social control?
peer pressure
What is the consensus structuralist view of society, particularly in functionalism?
Society works in harmony through shared norms and institutions to maintain stability and order.