Benzodiazepines
Antianxiety agents are most commonly orally administered because the effective dose of a particular antianxiety agent is very predictable.
T/T, F/F, T/F, F/T
T/F
Benzodiazepines enhance or facilitate the action of the neurotransmitter:
ACH, epinephrine, GABA, Serotonin
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Barbiturates act on nerves by enhancing the binding of which neurotransmitter to its receptor?
Glutamate, Serotonin, GABA, Chloride
GABA
Which of the following agents used for dental anxiety has a fast onset and short half-life?
Triazolam, diazepam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam
Triazolam
All of the following habits should be followed to minimize insomnia except for one. Which one is the exception?
Light snack (warm milk) at bedtime
Awake at 6 AM even if sleep only began at 5 AM
Exercise within 3 hours of bedtime
Remaining in bed no longer than 20 minutes without sleeping
No smoking within 8 hours of bedtime
Exercise within 3 hours of bedtime
Which of the following agents are the most commonly prescribed antianxiety drugs?
Nonbenzodiazepine-nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotics
Nonbenzodiazepine-nonbarbiturate receptor agonists
Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Which of the following parenteral benzodiazepines seems to have the greatest likelihood to produce amnesia?
Diazepam (Valium)
Midazolam (Versed)
Triazolam (Halcion)
Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
Triazolam (Halcion)
Although a lethal dose of barbiturates can only be approximated, severe poisoning will follow the ingestion of _____ times the hypnotic dose.
5, 10, 13.3, 20
10
Which of the following nonbenzodiazepine-benzodiazepine receptor agonists has the shortest half-life?
Zolpidem (Ambien)
Zaleplon (Sonata)
Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
Zaleplon (Sonata)
Which agent has selective anxiolytic action without hypnotic, anticonvulsant, or muscle-relaxant properties?
Zolpidem, Flumazenil, Meprobamate, Buspirone
Buspirone
Which benzodiazepine would be most suitable for intramuscular (IM) administration?
Midazolam, Diazepam, Alprazolam, Flurazepam
Midazolam
The therapeutic index of benzodiazepines is _____ that of the barbiturates.
wider than
Chronic use of barbiturates can lead to _____ dependence.
both physical and psychologic
physical and not psychologic
not physical but psychologic
neither
Both
Which of the following agents is a melatonin receptor agonist?
Buspirone, Azleplon, Chloral Hydrate, Ramelteon, Tizanidine
Ramelteon
Anxiety control is only necessary for the first third of a dental appointment.
T or F
False
Which benzodiazepine is preferred for use in elderly patients?
Metabolism of Phase 1 and 2
Metabolism of Phase 1 and not 2
Metabolism of Phase 2 and not 1
Neither Metabolism of Phase 1 or 2
Metabolism of Phase 2 and not 1
REF: Benzodiazepines (Pharmacokinetics) | p. 124
OBJ: 2
Which of the following agents may decrease the effectiveness of benzodiazepines?
Tobacco, Omeprazole, Valproic acid, Fluoxetine
What effect do the other medications have?
Tobacco
Omeprazole: increase effects of benzo's
Valproic acid: displaces benzo's from binding site, increasing sedative effects
Fluoxetine: alter clearance of benzo's thus increasing its effects
Barbiturates reduce the effects of the following drugs except which one?
Propoxyphene, Chlorpromazine, Warfarin, Phenytoin
Propoxyphene
Which of the following is considered to be the strongest centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant?
Carisoprodol (Soma)
Methocarbamol (Robaxin)
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
Orphenadrine (Norflex)
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
Use of antianxiety agents in the dentist's office should be discouraged because it encourages addiction.
T or F
False
Some benzodiazepines are transformed in the body to active metabolites. The active metabolites are formed by phase II drug metabolism.
T/T, F/F, T/F, F/T
T/F
Which of the following sleep stages is enhanced with the use of benzodiazepines?
Latency period
REM
NonREM (Stage 3, 4)
NonRem (Stage 2)
NonRem (Stage 2)
Which of the following is the longest acting barbiturate?
Methohexital (Brevital),
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Secobarbital (Seconal)
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
Which of the following muscle relaxants has peripheral rather than central action?
Carisoprodol, Cyclobenzaprine, Tizanidine, Baclofen, Dantrolene
Dantrolene
Barbiturates have no significant analgesic effects.
T or F
True