Protestant Reformation
His improvement of the printing press played a key role in the spread of Protestant ideas
Johannes Guttenberg
The ruler who best epitomized royal absolutism from 1643-1715
King Louis XIV
Brought an end to the 30 years war
Peace of Westphalia
A series of events that marked the early modern period for math, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry
Scientific Revolution
A style of labor where workers are bound to the land they work
Serfdom
The church of England after King Henry VIII severed relations with the Roman Catholic church
Anglican
Emperor (1519-1556) whom inherited many lands such as the Austrian domains, wealthy low countries, and the kingdom of Spain
Charles V
A conflict between German Protestants and Catholics that eventually included multiple European nations
30 years war
An English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, and more
Isaac Newton
A system supported by the government and generated deep social strains
Capitalism
Attacked societal indulgences and garnered support from those resenting the Roman Catholic church
Martin Luther
Accumulated rights to lands throughout Europe by marriage and alliances
Hapsburgs
A constitutional style government was instituted after political and religious conflicts led to this
English Civil War
First to report telescopic observations of the moon-noting is was not a perfect heavenly body
Galileo Galilei
Where nobles resided because of King Louis XIV
Versailles
The Council of Trent and the Society of Jesuits were important for advancing its goals
Catholic Reformation
Divided the empire into 50 administrative provinces
Catherine the Great
It was the most destructive institution that relied on religious justification to advance state ends
Spanish Inquisition
German astronomer that helped discredit the Ptolemaic Universe
Johannes Kepler
Gathering of bishops, cardinals, and the Popes, in hopes of correcting problems within the church
Council of Trent
These people, followers of a French lawyer, were expected to dress simply and refrain from doing simple activities in Geneva
Calvinist
Peter the Great
A series of events that led to the exile of King James and the ascension of King William and Queen Mary in England
Glorious Revolution
A theoretical framework in which Earth was the fixed center, around which the planets moved in complex patterns
Ptolemaic Universe
Chief minister who served King Louis XIV
Richelieu