Theories of Personality
Who proposed the “psychosexual stages” of personality development?
Who is Sigmund Freud?
According to the Big Five model, this trait describes someone who is sociable, outgoing, and enthusiastic.
What is extraversion?
This popular personality test uses 16 different personality types based on Jungian theory.
What is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)?
This term refers to traits and behaviors being influenced by genetic factors.
What is heritability?
This concept involves shared beliefs, values, and practices of a group that impact an individual’s personality.
What is culture?
This personality theory, developed by Carl Rogers, focuses on self-concept and unconditional positive regard.
What is humanistic theory?
This personality trait is characterized by anxiety, moodiness, and emotional instability.
What is neuroticism?
Name the method that involves individuals answering questions about their behaviors, thoughts, and feelings.
What is a self-report survey?
This biological approach considers the role of brain structures and neurochemicals in shaping personality.
What is the biological perspective?
Name the type of culture that emphasizes the needs of the group over the individual.
What is a collectivist culture?
According to Freud, this part of the mind operates on the “pleasure principle.”
What is the id?
This term refers to the consistent, long-term pattern of behavior, thoughts, and emotions that define an individual.
What is personality?
This personality inventory is widely used in clinical settings to diagnose psychological disorders.
What is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?
The theory that certain personality traits may have been advantageous in human evolution is known as this.
What is evolutionary psychology?
This type of culture values independence, competition, and personal success.
What is an individualistic culture?
This defense mechanism involves channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.
What is sublimation?
In trait theory, a person high in this Big Five trait tends to be organized, responsible, and reliable.
What is conscientiousness?
This method of assessment involves observing a person’s behavior in a structured environment.
What is behavioral observation?
Name the brain chemical linked to mood regulation and thought to play a role in personality traits such as openness and agreeableness.
What is serotonin?
This study examines how personality traits vary and develop across different cultural settings.
What is cross-cultural psychology?
Name the three components of the psyche according to Freud’s structural model of personality.
What are the id, ego, and superego?
This type of personality assessment uses self-report measures to assess an individual’s traits.
What is a personality inventory?
Projective tests like this one use ambiguous stimuli to reveal unconscious aspects of personality.
What is the Rorschach inkblot test?
This part of the nervous system is responsible for the “fight or flight” response, which can influence personality traits like anxiety.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
The concept that individuals modify their behavior based on cultural context and social situations is known as this.
What is cultural relativism?