Vocab
A substance that increases the reaction rate of a chemical reaction.
This type of solution holds as much solute as possible at that temperature.
What is a saturated solution?
A solution consists of 8.95 moles of solvent and 3.23 moles of solute. What is the mole fraction of the solute?
X = 0.265
The rule stating substances with a similar type of intermolecular forces dissolve in each other.
The speed or rate at which a reaction occurs.
What is chemical kinetics?
This type of solution holds less solute than possible at a certain temperature.
What is an unsaturated solution?
A solution is made by dissolving 6.38 g glucose (MM = 180 g/mol) in 45.0 mL of water. What is the molality of glucose in the solution? Water has a density of 1.00 g/mL.
m = 0.787
The relationship between pressure and gas solubility.
A measure of disorder or randomness in a system.
What is entropy?
This type of solution holds more solute than possible at a specific temperature.
What is a supersaturated solution?
Automotive antifreeze contains ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) in water. Calculate the boiling point of a 25% by mass solution of ethylene glycol in water. Kb = 0.51 C/m, MM = 62.07
Tb solution = 102.74 C
1. Physical state of the reactants
2. Concentration of reactants
3. Temperature the reaction occurs at
4. Presence of a catalyst
What are the factors that affect reaction rates?
The movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane to equalize solution concentrations on both sides.
What is osmosis?
A solution containing water as the solvent.
What is an aqueous solution?
Calculate the vapor pressure at 25 C of a solution containing 102.5 g of glucose (MM= 180 g/mol) and 500 ml of water (MM = 18 g/mol). The vapor pressure of water is 23.8 torr and the density is 1.00 g/mL.
P = 23.32
1. Vapor-pressure lowering
2. Boiling-point elevation
3. Freezing-point depression
4. Osmotic pressure.
What are examples of colligative properties?
Physical properties of solutions that depend only on the number of solute particles present in the solution, not the identity of the particles.
What is a colligative property?
The solutes are dispersed uniformly throughout the solvent.
What is a homogenous mixture (solution)?
The osmotic pressure of a solution containing 6.82 mg of an unknown protein per 20 mL of solution is 0.00519 atm at 25 C. Find the molarity of the unknown protein. R = 0.0821
M = 0.000212 mol/L
The solute concentration being greater outside the cell than inside the cell.
What is a hypertonic solution?