The DNA Structure
The shape DNA has
*Hint: not what it resembles*What is double helix?
The 3 main stages of semiconservative replication.
What is unwinding, base pairing, and joining?
(ANSWER MUST BE IN THIS ORDER)
The three major types of RNA.
What are messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA)?
Certain chemicals and radiation that can damage DNA.
What are mutagens?
Adenine pairs with __________. And guanine pairs with ____________.
What are thymine and cytosine?
(HAS TO BE IN THIS ORDER)
The double helix represents a shape like this.
What is twisted ladder?
When the DNA helicase (an enzyme) unwinds the double helix, breaking the hydrogen bonds between bases.
What is unwinding?
The two steps in protein synthesis (IN ORDER).
What are transcription and translation?
A type of mutation when there is an addition or loss of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence.
What is insertion or deletion?
(MUST BE IN THAT ORDER)Based on this DNA strand, list the following complimentary DNA strand using the base pairing rules for DNA…
C A G G A A T T G C T
What is…
G T C C T T A A C G A
What nucleotides consist of
What is 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
(Another answer is a sugar, phosphate, and base.)
When exonuclease removes the RNA primer and and DNA Polymerase adds new bases in place of the RNA primers. Once the primer has been replaced, DNA ligase links the two sections.
What is joining?
DNA codes for RNA, which guides the synthesis of proteins.
What is the central dogma of biology?
(just central dogma is okay)
A type of gene regulation where the genes are responsible for the general body pattern of the animal/organism. The order of the genes is generally the same as the order of the body sections the genes control.
What are Hox genes?
Lst the correct mRNA bases by transcribing the bottom DNA strand provided below.
G T C C T T A A C G A
What is…
C A G G A A U U G C U
The base pairs rule that Erwin Chargaff is known for.
*Hint: use the entire base name, not just the letter
What is cytosine pairs with guanine and thymine pairs with adenine?
(The answer doesn’t have to be in that order)
The way both the leading strand and lagging strand are built in step 2 of semiconservative replication (base pairing).
What is the leading strand is built CONTINUOUSLY, and the lagging strand is built DISCONTINUOUSLY?
The sites for transcription and translation to take place in.
What are in the nucleus (transcription) and on ribosomes in the cytoplasm (translation)?
(nucleus and ribosomes are an okay answer)
The type of mutation where DNA codes for the wrong amino acid.
What is missense substitution?
YOU ARE GOING TO NEED A CODON CHART FOR THESE LAST TWO…
Write the correct anti-codon the tRNA molecule has and the first two amino acids?C A G G A A U U G C U
What is…
G U C C U U A A C G A
And what is valine (GUC) and leucine (CUU)?
The amount of hydrogen bonds between the base pairs (include A=T and C=G)
What are 2 hydrogen bonds between A=T and 3 hydrogen bonds between C=G?
On the lagging strand, when it is built discontinuously, it does so in segments known as this.
What are Okazaki fragments?
The mRNA sequence for the following template strand DNA sequence
T A C G A A C T A G A A
What is…
A U G C U U G A U C U UThe type of mutation where the codon for an amino acid becomes a stop codon.
What is nonsense mutation?
Looking at a codon chart, these are the 3 stop codons.
What are UAA, UAG, and UGA?