11.1: From Linguistic Form to Mental Models of the World
The core meaning of a sentence expressed by its linguistic content.
What is “proposition”?
This helps us fill in the gap easily and quickly depending on the situation.
What is the importance of background knowledge?
The number of general information sources there are for pronoun resolution.
What is 4?
The process of updating a mental model to include information by a speaker.
What is Accommodation?
One model explaining metaphor comprehension suggests that we treat metaphors as abstract, broad categories, similar to this type of category.
What is a superordinate level category?
The conceptual representations of an actual situation that is driven by language.
What is “mental model”?
This does not tell us the gender of the individuals involved, often causing confusion of who the referent is.
What is the problem of Pronouns " they" and "them?
Grammatical marking acts as this when looking at prospective antecedents so that only the compatible ones are considered.
What is a Filter?
The famous Russian filmmaker in the 1910’s and 1920’s.
Who is Lev Kuleshov?
Our presentation contained an example of a metaphor from a song in this Disney movie.
What is Aladdin?
The two nouns used in MacDonald and Just’s Mental Model Memory Probe Experiment of 1989?
What are “bread” and “cookies”?
An expression (usually a proper name or a descriptive noun or noun phrase) that refers to the same person or entity as the pronoun.
What is an antecedent?
This organ's movements are the most straight forward and temporally sensitive method when it comes to pronoun resolution.
What are the eyes?
This comments some of the content in a sentence with previous material within text.
What is a bridging inference?
To understand metaphors used to compare conceptual relationships, it is possible we use this type of reasoning.
What is analogical reasoning?
The object of interest used in Glenburg and Colleagues (1987) study to demonstrate the lasting effect of an object situationally present vs not?
What is a sweatshirt?
This phenomenon occurs in the sentence "Mary called Tom yesterday for a meeting, then Mary went shopping”.
What is the Repeated name penalty?
This character was the mailman in one of our examples.
Who is Mr. Biggs?
The assumption made when we attach certain meanings to facial expression.
What is the Kuleshov Effect?
Earlier in our text, Sedivy used this metaphor to help explain modular and interactive models of word comprehension.
What is a corporate business structure?/What is a factory?
The individuals who conducted a study that might explain why we are able to remember cliffhangers more easily than stories with happy endings?
Who are Tom Trabasso and Soyoung Suh?
When looking at the choices of "it", "up" or "at", this choice is an antecedent.
What is "it"?
Adults were able to decide this within 200ms of the end of the pronoun whereas a 2 year old child took approx.. 3 seconds.
What is the referent for an ambiguous pronoun?
The inferences that are not required in order to make a discourse coherent but enrich meanings in sentences.
What is elaborate inference?
Speed and quality of metaphor comprehension has been correlated with performance on this test measuring cognitive control.
What is the Stroop test?