RNA
Which nucleotide base replaces Thymine in RNA?
Uracil
What splits DNA into two?
Helicase
What is Gene Regulation?
Gene Regulation is the ability of an organism to control which genes are transcribed in response to the environment.
What is DNA and what does it stand for?
DNA is a long molecule made up of nucleotides. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
What causes Mutations?
Errors in Dna replication or environmental factors.
What are the types of RNA?
MRNA, RRNA, and TRNA
The lagging strand of DNA is split into segments called what?
Okazaki Fragments
What do Hox genes do?
Hox genes control which body part will develop at a given body location.
RNA is a nucleic acid similar to DNA, but with the sugar ribose, and with uracil instead of thymine. RNA stands for Ribonucleic acid.
What are the three types of Mutations?
1. Point Mutation. 2. Frameshift. 3. Chromsomal.
What is Transcription?
DNA to MRNA
Why is DNA replication called semiconservative?
There is one parental strand and one new strand.
What is an Operon?
An Operon is a section of DNA that contains the genes for the proteins needed for a specific metabolic pathway.
What is MRNA and what does the M stand for?
MRNA are long strands of RNA nucleotides that are formed complementary to one strand of DNA. The M stands for Messenger.
What is Frameshift Mutation caused by?
Caused by insertion or deletion of base pairs, changing the reading frame of the genetic code
What is Translation?
MRNA to Protein
The three main stages of semiconservative replication in order are what?
1. Unwinding. 2. Base pairing. 3. Joining.
What does an Operon contain?
1. Operator. 2. Promoter. 3. Regulatory gene. 4. Genes coding for proteins.
What is RRNA and what does the R stand for?
RRNA associates with proteins to form ribosomes in the cytoplasm. The R stands for Ribosomal.
What are the types of Chromosomal Mutations?
Deletion, Duplication, Inversion, and Translocation.
In the DNA code, there are three of these specific codons.
Stop codons
What is the difference in unwinding in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes?
Prokaryotic DNA unwinds in one place and is a circle shape. Eukaryotic DNA unwinds in multiple places.
What is the main difference between Eukaryotic Gene Regulation and Prokaryotic Gene Regulation?
Prokaryotic Gene Regulation has an operon that controls transcription in response to changes in the environment. In Eukaryotic Gene Regulation transcription factors ensure that a gene is used at the right time and that proteins are made in the right amounts.
What is TRNA and what does the T stand for?
TRNA are smaller segments of RNA nucleotides that transport amino acids to the ribosome. The T stands for Transport.
Name two good mutations and two bad mutations.
Good: Lactose tollarence, HIV resistance, High bone density, Apo A1 Milano, Malaria Resistance.
Bad: Marfan Syndrome, Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle Cell Disease, Huntingtons Disease, Cancer inducing mutations.