Chapter 11
On average, children’s pattern of growth in middle childhood tends to be ________ in comparison
with growth patterns in infancy and early childhood.
a. about the same
b. significantly faster
c. significantly slower
d. slightly faster
e. slightly slower
c. significantly slower
Toward the end of middle childhood, children lose most of their baby fat, and their bodies take on an increasingly adult-like appearance. As a result, it is not uncommon for
a. boys to start showing concern over their weight gain
b. girls to start comparing muscle sizes with peers
c. boys to start dieting to retain a thin physique
d. girls to start showing concern over their weight gain
e. children to eat more to retain and regain lost weight
d. girls to start showing concern over their weight gain
Research has shown that children have reduced their overall amount of time playing outside for all of the following reasons except:
a. Children are choosing to spend increasingly more time looking at a screen
b. Parents worry about crime and traffic patterns outside
c. Parents have concerns about potential problems from sun exposure
d. There are fewer enjoyable things for children to do outside
e. Children are oftentimes involved in indoor scheduled activities like music
d. There are fewer enjoyable things for children to do outside
One of the reasons many schools in the United States are reducing or even eliminating outside recess time is that ____
a. many states have reduced the length of time children are required to engage in any physical activity
b. most children receive adequate physical activity through daily activities outside of recess
c. schools are trading recess time for more classroom time to prepared for standardized tests
d. most schools require PE classes, which is where most children engage in moderate physical activity
e. since COVID, the number of homes with child-friendly indoor gym equipment has risen
c. schools are trading recess time for more classroom time to prepared for standardized tests
During middle childhood, children increasingly eat more, and more meals away from their home. Consequently, ___.
a. children’s eating patterns are increasingly more likely to be influenced by friends and media.
b. parents’ influence over their children’s eating behaviors becomes essentially non-existent
c. children tend to exert the same healthy eating habits at the school cafeteria as they do at home
d. children are more likely to ask their parents to pack their lunches so they can eat healthier foods
e. parents experience less stress getting their children to eat the meals they do prepare
a. children’s eating patterns are increasingly more likely to be influenced by friends and media.
Henry’s BMI index reveals that his weight and height are greater than 95% of his same-aged peers. Henry would likely be considered ___________ for his age group.
a. physically mature
b. malnourished
c. obese
d. underweight
e. typical
c. obese
10-year-old Stacy suffers from asthma but has begun a new regime of treatment that includes both long-term medications and a short-term inhaler for emergencies. In the future, Stacy can expect that ____.
a. her symptoms will never disappear entirely, even if well-managed, as children can experience attacks of asthma up to two times a week
b. her symptoms will likely continue until adolescence, where hormonal changes will likely cause her asthma to disappear
c. over time, her sensitivity to her medications will decrease, leading her to spend a significant portion of her time frequently trying new types of treatments
d. her symptoms will never disappear entirely, as asthma is caused by a very medication-resistant strain of bacteria that is almost impossible to cure
e. she can discontinue her medications if her parents introduce her regularly to asthmatic triggers to increase her natural immunity
a. her symptoms will never disappear entirely, even if well-managed, as children can experience attacks of asthma up to two times a week
London’s mother has noticed that after running around in their backyard, London frequently complains of a tightness in her chest, and her breathing produces a whistling sound. These symptoms seem to get worse during the summer and fall months. London would most likely be diagnosed with _______.
a. obesity
b. cancer
c. influenza
d. asthma
e. bronchitis
d. asthma
A big concern about the presence of headlice stems from the
a. fact that headlice can transmit numerous diseases to humans.
b. fact that it is nearly impossible to rid oneself of an infestation.
c. fact that infected children often require immediate medical attention.
d. stigma that headlice is a sign of poor hygiene.
e. finding that, even after treatment, headlice can cause recurring skin allergies
d. stigma that headlice is a sign of poor hygiene.
________ are the most likely to catch head lice because ____________.
a. Young boys; they are more likely to practice poor self-hygiene
b. Young boys; they are more likely to stand closer to other people
c. Young girls; their longer hair makes it easier for lice to hide
d. Young girls; their skin tends to be more sensitive to lice infections
e. Adults; they are more likely to practice poor self-hygiene
c. Young girls; their longer hair makes it easier for lice to hide
Which of the following is an example of cyberbullying behavior?
a. Yuki receives several unwanted and abusive texts on her social media page from anonymous senders.
b. Sean clicked a link he received through email, and now all his personal information is shared online.
c. Rachel is repeatedly called names and her classroom supplies are taken by other students while at school.
d. Fernando’s parents monitor all his online activity and every day hold discussions about his posts and internet searches.
e. Natalie had a fight with an online friend and since that time has not been able to communicate with her again.
a. Yuki receives several unwanted and abusive texts on her social media page from anonymous senders
Children who are the victims of online bullying ____.
a. are oftentimes real-life bullies whom their victims are attacking using online methods
b. are highly likely to report their experiences soon after they occur to a parent or teacher
c. tend to react fairly calmly and in most cases exhibit few to no long-term effects
d. do not always realize that what they are experiencing is a form of bullying behavior
e. experience symptoms of depression and anxiety, and in some cases, thoughts of suicide
e. experience symptoms of depression and anxiety, and in some cases, thoughts of suicide
Tyler’s parents want to buy him his own laptop as a beginning-of-the-schoolyear gift but are concerned about the dangers children often face when using the internet. Tyler’s parents should
a. rest assured that all schools have built-in filters and programs through their internet providers to limit type and amount of online usage on students’ personal computers.
b. install apps on Tyler’s computer to help limit access to unwanted sites, as well as teach Tyler effective safety measures when using the internet.
c. wait to buy Tyler his own computer until he is in high school, as the majority of internet-based dangers are targeted toward children.
d. trust that Tyler will tell them if he ever experiences anything that makes him scared or uncomfortable while online.
e. buy Tyler the computer, and then monitor his online activity and social media usage without his knowledge.
b. install apps on Tyler’s computer to help limit access to unwanted sites, as well as teach Tyler effective safety measures when using the internet
All the following are symptoms typical of children diagnosed with ADHD except ___.
a. trouble paying attention
b. restlessness and difficulty sitting still
c. acting without thinking first
d. low-level intellectual functioning
e. having problems organizing tasks
d. low-level intellectual functioning
Children are typically diagnosed with ADHD at age 7 because ___.
a. the requirements of formal schooling make their symptoms more apparent
b. symptoms of ADHD typically do not manifest until middle childhood
c. teachers, unlike parents, are professionally trained to detect symptoms of ADHD
d. they tend to perform unusually well in their classwork, despite their symptoms
e. they tend to be significantly shyer and more withdrawn compared with peers
a. the requirements of formal schooling make their symptoms more apparent
In terms of fine motor skills, which of the following can most 6- and 7-year-olds do?
a. Learn how to write using cursive letters.
b. Kick a ball more than 20 feet.
c. Coordinate a knife and fork.
d.Engage in rudimentary juggling.
c. Coordinate a knife and fork.
Rachel has been experiencing difficulties with word pronunciation and learning to associate specific letters with their sounds. Compared with peers, Rachel is also slower in developing her reading skills. It is likely that Rachel is showing signs of ___.
a. autism
b. dyscalculia
c. dyslexia
d. ADHD
e. dysgraphia
c. dyslexia
Seven-year-old Michael does not wait his turn in the lunch line or when playing games. He often calls out in class without being called on. What dimension of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) does this represent?
a. Lack of attention
b. Hyperactivity
c. Impulsiveness
d. Low empathy
c. Impulsiveness
. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) has mandated that all children with disabilities be educated in a least restrictive environment. This means that
a. children with disabilities are to be given the option to be educated at home with private teachers, a setting that is more comfortable to them.
b. children with disabilities are to be educated in an environment that is as similar as possible to that for children with no disabilities.
c. children with disabilities should be allowed to choose the direction of their own education, focusing on subjects that most suit their abilities.
d. children with disabilities are required to have shortened classroom days and school schedules, to maximize their learning potential.
e. teachers are required to make allowances for children with disabilities, such as permitting them to leave their seats in class.
b. children with disabilities are to be educated in an environment that is as similar as possible to that for children with no disabilities.
Anahera typically scores the highest in her class across all areas of learning. Anahera would likely be classified as
a. gifted
b. conscientious
c. twice exceptional
d. neurodiverse
e. challenged
a. gifted
Gifted children who skip grades to be placed in classrooms with older children ___.
a. tend to be at significant risk for bullying and social isolation from peers
b. oftentimes express feelings of boredom due to lack of same-aged playmates
c. typically move back to their age-appropriate grade because of academic challenges
d. often experience both academic and social and emotional gains
e. are significantly more likely to develop aversive feelings toward learning
d. often experience both academic and social and emotional gains
True or False
All children in the United States are Physically Fit.
False
Research examining gender differences in online harassment experiences have shown that ___.
a. girls are more likely to receive physical threats online whereas boys are sent unwanted images.
b. girls from higher SES households generally receive unwanted images, whereas girls from lower SES households generally receive threats.
c. boys are far more likely than girls to be able to correctly identify the names of their online bullies.
d. girls are more likely to receive unwanted images, and boys, threats of physical violence.
e. both boys and girls receive threats related to physical violence, but only if they are also from low SES households.
d. girls are more likely to receive unwanted images, and boys, threats of physical violence.
Which of the following illustrates how obesity in children can affect the children’s cognitive functioning?
a. Children who are obese tend to put more of their attention into their schoolwork.
b. Children who overweight compensate in other ways to maintain their positive self-concept.
c. Children who are of normal weight tend to be more intellectually gifted than their overweight peers.
d. Protein build-up in the brain due to overeating can significantly impact normal cognitive processes in children.
e. Overweight children who internalize the negative stereotype regarding weight and intelligence show decreases in working memory.
e. Overweight children who internalize the negative stereotype regarding weight and intelligence show decreases in working memory.
Research examining the effects of physical exercise on children’s health have found that ____.
a. exercise reduces the release of proteins that can be harmful to cognitive functioning
b. children diagnosed with ADHD should be guarded against frequent exercising
c. all exercise, regardless of the type, provides the same type of benefits to children
d. children who regularly engage in exercise report better moods, but higher stress
e. physical activity causes more oxygen to flow in areas of the brain associated with learning
e. physical activity causes more oxygen to flow in areas of the brain associated with learning