MUSCLE CELLS
What type of muscle has one nucleus per muscle cell?
Smooth muscle. Skeletal and cardiac cells are formed by multiple cells fusing, so they multiple nucleii per cell.
The order from superficial to deep: skeleton, skin, skeletal muscles
Skin, skeletal muscles, skeleton
What is a lever?
A simple machine defined by three things: effort, load, and fulcrum.
Definition of arteries.
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
What is the purpose of the dermal papillae? What visible structure do they give rise to?
They increase the amount of surface contact between the dermis and epidermis.
Fingerprints
If you work out making a muscle stronger, what has changed in the muscle cells?
The number of myofibrils has increased. More myofibrils means more proteins and that increases muscle mass.
A person is sick for weeks. He was so sick that he couldn' t get out of bed. When he finally gets out of bed, he can barely walk. Why?
The muscles have lost mass and myofibrils because they were not being used. This is called atrophy.
What is the most common lever in the skeletal muscle system?
3rd class
What blood cell has hemoglobin?
Red blood cell
What are the four functions of the skeletal system?
1. Support
2. Protection
3. Storage
4. Hemopoiesis
What structure in the muscle cell does the contracting?
The myofibril. it is made up of proteins that slide relative to each other.
What does superficial mean?
Near the surface.
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What class lever is shown in the picture?
3rd class
Hip joint is the fulcrum, muscle is the effort, femur is the load. The muscle (effort) is on the middle pulling up on the entire bone.
What is the part of the blood that carries the macronutrients and other important chemicals called?
Plasma
Which type of joint has the widest range of motion?
Ball and socket
When the skeletal muscle is contracting, what is the antagonist doing?
It is being stretched. It is relaxing.
What blood vessels carry blood toward the heart?
Veins
Give an example of a first class lever, second class, and 3rd?
Scissors, pliers, lift something heavy with less effort using fulcrum in the middle (push down and load goes up)
wheelbarrow (lift up, load lifts up), stapler, nail clippers
shovel, rake, fishing rod, hammer
Two part question:
What color are veins? Why do they look blue?
Veins are red. They appear blue through the skin because the skin distorts the color.
What's the function of synovial fluid?
Lubricates the joints or reduces friction. Provides nutrients and oxygen to the cartilage. It's a shock absorber.
What types of muscles are involuntary?
Smooth and cardiac muscle. Skeletal is voluntary.
A person's biceps brachii muscle is currently at it's maximum normal length. Is the person's arm being held straight or is it bent at the elbow?
It is being held straight. It is being stretched. If contracted, it would be shorter. The triceps brachii is contracted and stretching the biceps.
Describe the positions of the load, fulcrum, and effort for each type of lever.
FLE
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1st Class- fulcrum is in the middle
2nd Class- load is in the middle
3rd Class- Effort is in the middle
Blood is coming into the heart after giving oxygen to the tissues. List the chambers of the heart that the blood flows through in order. Also indicate, when the blood goes and comes back from the lungs.
Right atrium, to the right ventricle, to the lungs, back from the lungs, into left atrium, and into left ventricle.
What is a hematoma?
A mass of blood that is confined to a specific space in the body.