Electrons
Where do electrons live in the atom?
The electron cloud (at different energy levels)
When are atoms stable?
What is a covalent bond?
a chemical bond formed when positively charged atoms share their electrons
What is an ionic bond?
a bond between positively and negatively charged atoms
What type of elements form metallic bonds?
Metals
What is a chemical bond?
a force that holds atoms together
What do elements do to get stable?
Form bonds. (either covalent, ionic or metallic)
How many electrons does a double bond share? Is it stronger or weaker than a single bond?
They share 4 electrons and are stronger than single bonds.
What is an ion?
an atom that is no longer electrically neutral (more or less electrons than protons)
What is a metallic bond?
When metal atoms pool their valence electrons.
What specific part of an atom participates in chemical bonding?
Valence electrons
Which group of elements are the most stable?
noble gases
What is a polar molecule?
has a slight positive end and a slight negative end because of unequal sharing of electrons
What charge will elements in group 16 make?
-2 charge
What charge to the metal atoms have in metallic bonds?
The atoms have a positive charge (as the valence electrons float around them)
What would the electron dot diagram for oxygen look like?
An O in the middle with 6 dots around it, two in pairs and two not in a pair.
How does the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of an atom determines its stability?
Atoms want to have their outermost electron shell filled. If it is not filled, it will form bonds to fill it.
What are properties of covalent compounds?
(state of mater, melt/boil point, conductivity)
Gases or liquids at room temperature
Low melting & boiling points
Poor conductors of heat & electricity
Why do atoms in ionic bonding form compounds?
When the electrons transfer from one atom to another, it causes the atoms to become negatively or positively charged. These charges hold the atoms together as the negative and positive ions attract each other.
What are the properties of metallic compounds?
(state of mater, melt/boil point, conductivity)
Solid at room temp
high melting and boiling points
good conductors of heat and electricityDescribe how a water molecule is polar
The oxygen atom holds on the electrons more than the hydrogen atoms do. The oxygen becomes slightly negative and the hydrogens become slightly positive.
What are the different ways metals become stable?
What are the different ways nonmetal become stable?
Metals become stable by metallic bonding with other metals or ionic bonding with nonmetals.
Nonmetals become stable by covalent bonding with other nonmetals or ionic bonds with metals.
What would be the chemical formula for beryllium chloride. It has one atom of beryllium and two atoms of chlorine.
BeCl2
Tell how lithium and bromine combine to make an ionic compound.
Lithium gives its one valence electron to bromine to fill its outer shell. The lithium becomes a cation and the beryllium becomes an anion. The opposite charges attract each other and an ionic compound is made.
Why can metals be hammered into sheets?
The metal ions can slide past one another in the electron sea and move to new positions.