States of matter
Solids have a ________ density, ________ volume, and a _________ shape
fixed, defined
What is the triple point?
The temperature and pressure when all 3 states are in equilibrium
What type of bonds are the strongest and have the highest melting and boiling points?
ionic bonds
What is a phase?
A region that has the same composition and properties
When solving for equilibrium, G (Gibbs Free Energy) is equal to...
zero
Liquids have a ________ density, ________ volume, and a _________ shape
fixed, defined
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What is dynamic equilibrium?
When forward and reverse processes are happening at the same rate
Order the bonds from the smallest to greatest electronegativity differences:
Ionic
Nonpolar Covalent
Polar Covalent
Nonpolar Covalent
Polar Covalent
Ionic
What is freezing?
When a liquid becomes a solid
At equilibrium, what is the temperature of iron if its enthalpy is 35 kJ and its entropy is 75 J/K?
467 K
How are solid particles arranged and how do they move?
Tightly packed together and vibrate in place
What is the critical point?
The temperature and pressure when gas and liquid states become one
What are dipole-dipole forces?
Temporary attractions between the positively and negatively charged ends of two charged molecules
What is vaporization?
When a liquid becomes a gas
At equilibrium, how much enthalpy will chlorine gas have if its temperature is 100 K and its entropy is 25 J/mol K?
H = 2500 J or 2.5 KJ
How are gas particles arranged and how do they move?
They are spread out very far apart
They bounce past and off each other
What is the enthalpy of fusion?
The energy added during melting or removed during freezing
Water's unique properties are due to its...
hydrogen bonding
What is sublimation?
When a solid becomes a gas
At equilibrium, how much entropy will ethanol have if its temperature is 300 K and its enthalpy is 45 kJ/mol?
150 J/K or .15 kJ/K
Gases have a ________ density, ________ volume, and a _________ shape
undefined
What is a supercritical fluid?
The state when the liquid and vapor phases are indistinguishable
What types of bonds are the weakest and are the only intermolecular interactions to occur in nonpolar covalent compounds?
London dispersion forces
What is deposition?
When a gas becomes a solid
Is the following system at equilibrium? If not, it the reaction spontaneous or not spontaneous?
The temperature is 298 K, the entropy is 65 J/mol K, and the enthalpy is 19 kJ/mol
G is - .37 kJ or - 370 J.
It is spontaneous
But it is NOT at equilibrium