Review 1
Polish astronomer who believed that the Earth orbited the sun. His work was banned by the Church.
Copernicus
Italian scientist who studied motion. He was tried and convicted by the Church.
Galileo
Split that occurred in the Catholic Church with two Popes, one in Avignon and the other in Rome.
Great Schism
Movement begun in Germany by Martin Luther in 1517 in which many Christians left the Catholic Church for Protestant Churches.
Reformation
A rebirth of European culture that began in the Italian city-states, with a spirit of inquiry, a rediscovery of classical learning, and improvements in painting and architecture.
Renaissance
Which sentence best explains why some historians consider the Hundred Years’ War as marking the end of the Middle Ages?
Religious devotion increased.
A feeling of nationalism emerged in France and England.
Chivalry increased in importance.
The power of the French monarch decreased.
A feeling of nationalism emerged in France and England.
Which statement best describes a contribution of the works of Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei?
They renewed interest in Greek and Roman drama.
They strengthened acceptance of traditional Church beliefs.
They explained the laws of gravity on heavenly bodies.
They demonstrated Earth was not the center of the universe.
They demonstrated Earth was not the center of the universe.
A major reason that the Renaissance began in Italy was that…
Few European scholars had migrated to this area.
Italian merchants benefited from trade with the Americas.
Italian farmers produced great agricultural surpluses on vast plains.
Italian city-states had grown wealthy from trade between Europe and Asia.
Italian city-states had grown wealthy from trade between Europe and Asia.
One way in which the writers of the Renaissance were influenced by the writers of ancient Greece was that Renaissance writers…
Emphasized the power of human reason.
Showed little interested in secular affairs.
Produced few new scientific ideas.
Promoted the religious doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church.
Emphasized the power of human reason.
Which individual’s work had the greatest impact on the spread of Martin Luther’s ideas?
Galileo Galilei
Niccolo Machiavelli
William Shakespeare
Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg
Which innovation had the greatest impact on the Protestant Reformation?
Establishment of a movable-type printing press.
Introduction of porcelain.
Use of magnetic compass.
Construction of a triangular sail.
Establishment of a movable-type printing press.
“Kings and princes coin money only out of metals, but the Pope coins money out of everything--indulgences, ceremonies, dispensations, pardons; all fish come to his net.”
The ideas presented in this passage by Luther contributed directly to the…
Mandate of Heaven
Protestant Reformation
Renaissance
Code of Hammurabi
Protestant Reformation
Which statement expresses a belief shared by most Renaissance humanist philosophers?
People should study secular subjects as well as sacred matters.
Governments should establish overseas empires.
People should withdraw from the world to worship God.
Scholars should follow Church teachings without question.
People should study secular subjects as well as sacred matters.
1340s - Mongols and merchants carried disease along trade routes west of China.
1346 - The plague reached the Black Sea ports of Caffa and Tana.
1347 - Italian merchants fled plague-infected Black Sea ports.
1348 - The plague became an epidemic in most of Western Europe.
Which conclusion can be reached from the events on this timeline?
The plague primarily affected China.
The interaction of people through trade spread the plague.
Port cities were relatively untouched by the plague.
The plague started in Western Europe.
The interaction of people through trade spread the plague.
The major goal of the Counter-Reformation was to…
Reinstate the power of the Roman Catholic Church.
Reduce the authority of absolute monarchs.
Encourage new ideas in science and philosophy.
Reach a compromise with European Protestants.
Reinstate the power of the Roman Catholic Church.
-Sale of indulgences authorized by Pope Leo X to raise money to build St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome (1515)
-Ninety-five Theses posted (1517)
-Hearing held at Worms, Germany (1521)
These events are most closely associated with…
The Crusades and the control of the Holy Land.
Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation.
Leonardo da Vinci and the Renaissance.
Copernicus and his theory that the Earth rotated around the sun.
Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation.
“Tedious were it to recount how citizen avoided citizen, how among neighbors was scarce found any that showed fellow-feeling for another, how relatives kept apart and never met, or rarely; enough that this sore affliction entered so deeply into the minds of men and women, that in the horror of it brother was abandoned by brother, nephew by uncle, brother by sister, and often husband by wife; what is more, and scarcely to be believed, fathers and mothers were found to abandon their own children, untended, unvisited, to their fate, as if they had been strangers.
In this passage, Boccaccio was most likely describing the…
Power of special courts during the Inquisition.
Effects of the barbarian invasions after the fall of Rome.
Treatment of native peoples in Latin American nations.
Breakdown of social order during the bubonic plague.
Breakdown of social order during the bubonic plague.
One major characteristic of the Renaissance was that the…
Manor became the main center of economic activity.
Catholic Church lost all its influence in Europe.
Classical cultures of Greece and Rome were studied and imitated.
Major language of the common people was Latin.
Classical cultures of Greece and Rome were studied and imitated.
In 1517, Martin Luther was dissatisfied with the Catholic Church because he…
Thought the church lacked structure.
Disagreed with the sale of indulgences
Blamed the Church for not curing people who had the plague.
Believed that kings should have more power to appoint clergy.
Disagreed with the sale of indulgences
What was an important effect of the Hundred Years’ War?
England established permanent control over much of France.
The Black Death spread from France to England.
England and France failed to benefit from Renaissance culture.
A greater reliance on new weapons reduced the importance of knights.
A greater reliance on new weapons reduced the importance of knights.
In what ways did Renaissance architecture differ from the architecture of the Middle Ages?
Renaissance architecture had stained glass windows.
Medieval architecture used columns and circular arches.
Medieval architecture often featured a dome-like roof.
Renaissance architecture borrowed more from classical styles.
Renaissance architecture borrowed more from classical styles.
Which change to Christian church practices was suggested by Martin Luther?
Increasing the sale of indulgences.
Installing statutes of saints in churches.
Saying the mass in Latin so the faithful would hear it.
Printing the Bible in the vernacular so all could understand it.
Printing the Bible in the vernacular so all could understand it.
In the 1500s, Martin Luther’s Ninety-five Theses, Henry VIII’s “Act of Supremacy,” and John Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion contributed to…
A decline in the power of the Catholic Church.
An increased sense of nationalism in Tudor England.
The growing power of the feudal nobility in Europe.
A major conflict with Eastern Orthodox Christians.
A decline in the power of the Catholic Church.
The Black Death spread to Europe as a result of contact with…
Merchants from West Africa
Explorers from the Americas
Traders coming from Asia
Barbarians from Scandinavia
Traders coming from Asia
“Unless I am convinced by proofs from Scriptures [the Bible] or by plain and clear reasons and arguments, I can and will not retract, for it is neither safe nor wise to do anything against conscience. Here I stand. I can do no other. God help me. Amen.”
What is the most likely source of this quotation?
Machiavelli’s recommendations to rulers in The Prince.
Da Vinci’s description of his new painting style in works like the Mona Lisa.
Luther’s failure to submit to the Pope’s demands at the Diet of Worms.
Arguments of Galileo at his trial for accepting the view of Copernicus.
Luther’s failure to submit to the Pope’s demands at the Diet of Worms.