DNA Discovery Scientists
Who performed experiments with bacteriophages that helped prove DNA is the genetic material?
Hershey and Chase
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
When in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
S phase
How is RNA different from DNA in structure?
RNA is single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded.
What is the process of making RNA from DNA called?
Transcription
What organism did Hershey and Chase study?
Bacteriophages infecting bacteria (E. coli)
What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
What does DNA replication produce?
An identical copy of DNA
What sugar does RNA contain?
Ribose
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
In the Hershey-Chase experiment, what entered the bacteria: protein or DNA?
DNA
What is the shape of DNA?
Double helix
What does semiconservative replication mean?
Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly made strand.
What base does RNA have instead of thymine?
Uracil (U)
What is the process of using mRNA to make a protein called?
Translation
What did Chargaff discover about DNA bases?
A = T
G = C
What type of bonds hold complementary DNA bases together?
Hydrogen bonds
What enzyme separates the DNA double helix during replication?
Helicase
What are the three major types of RNA?
Where does translation occur?
Ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What did Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray diffraction images reveal about DNA?
DNA has a double helix structure.
Explain complementary base pairing in DNA.
Adenine pairs with thymine (A-T)
Guanine pairs with cytosine (G-C)
Name the three major enzymes involved in DNA replication and their functions.
Match each RNA type with its function.
mRNA: carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
tRNA: carries amino acids to ribosomes
rRNA: forms part of ribosomes
Explain the flow of genetic information in a cell.
DNA → RNA → Protein