A
The brain’s ability to adapt and change based on stimuli and experiences is called:
A. Regeneration
B. Plasticity
C. Neurogenesis
D. Homeostasis
B- Plasticity
Which neurons carry sensory information to the CNS?
A. Efferent neurons
B. Interneurons
C. Afferent neurons
D. Motor neurons
C. Afferent Neurons
Interneurons connect:
A. Two muscles
B. Sensory and motor neurons
C. Two glands
D. Brain and spinal nerves
B. Sensory and Motor neurons
Efferent neurons transmit impulses:
A. Toward the CNS
B. Away from the CNS
C. Between sensory neurons
D. Only within the spinal cord
B. Away from the CNS
The epineurium surrounds:
A. A single axon
B. A fascicle
C. The entire nerve
D. The synaptic bulb
C. The entire nerve
The perineurium surrounds:
A. The entire nerve
B. A fascicle (bundle of axons)
C. A single neuron
D. The synapse
B. A fascicle (bundle of axons)
The endoneurium is made of:
A. Dense irregular connective tissue
B. Areolar connective tissue
C. Adipose tissue
D. Reticular connective tissue
B. Areolar connective tissue
A malignant tumor of glial cells is called:
A. Meningioma
B. Glioma
C. Adenoma
D. Lymphoma
B. Glioma
Multiple sclerosis affects which part of the neuron?
A. Axon hillock
B. Myelin sheath
C. Dendrites
D. Synaptic bulb
B. Myelin sheath
The CNS has limited repair ability, but some regeneration can occur in the:
A. Cerebellum and pons
B. Hippocampus and amygdala
C. Medulla and midbrain
D. Corpus callosum and thalamus
B. Hippocampus and amygdala
The PNS can repair damaged axons as long as:
A. The dendrites remain intact
B. The cell body remains intact
C. The myelin is regenerated
D. The Schwann cells are removed
B. The cell body remains intact
Graded potentials occur over:
A. Long distances
B. Short distances
C. Both long and short distances
D. The entire axon
B. Short distances
The main function of graded potentials is to:
A. Maintain RMP
B. Trigger action potentials
C. Repolarize the membrane
D. Release neurotransmitters
B. Trigger action potentials
Action potentials arise at the:
A. Dendrites
B. Axon hillock (initial segment)
C. Soma
D. Synaptic bulb
B. Axon hillock (initial segment)
Which channels trigger graded potentials?
A. Voltage-gated channels
B. Mechanically gated channels
C. Ligand-gated channels
D. Leak channels
C. Ligand-gated channels
The Na⁺/K⁺ pump restores:
A. Hyperpolarization
B. RMP (Resting Membrane Potential)
C. Depolarization
D. Action potential
B. RMP
The receptive segment includes:
A. Axon hillock
B. Dendrites and cell body
C. Axon terminals
D. Synaptic cleft
B. Dendrites and cell body
A stronger stimulus is needed during which phase?
A. Absolute refractory period
B. Depolarization
C. Relative refractory period
D. Repolarization
C. Relative refractory period
The brainstem includes all EXCEPT:
A. Pons
B. Midbrain
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Cerebellum
D. Cerebellum
The brainstem controls:
A. Conscious thought
B. Automatic survival behaviors
C. Memory storage
D. Language processing
B. Autmatic survival behaviors
The decussation of pyramids occurs in the:
A. Pons
B. Midbrain
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Cerebellum
C. Medulla oblongata
The three meninges from outermost to innermost are:
A. Pia, arachnoid, dura
B. Dura, arachnoid, pia
C. Arachnoid, dura, pia
D. Dura, pia, arachnoid
B.cura, arachnoid, pia mater
Hydrocephalus is caused by:
A. Excess blood flow to the brain
B. Blockage of CSF flow increasing intracranial pressure
C. Loss of blood-brain barrier
D. Shrinking of ventricles
B. Blockage of CSF flow
CSF is reabsorbed through:
A. Choroid plexus
B. Arachnoid villi
C. Falx cerebri
D. Ventricular pores
B. Arachnoid villi
The BBB is absent in the:
A. Thalamus and cerebellum
B. Vomiting center and hypothalamus
C. Hippocampus and medulla
D. Midbrain and pons
B. Vomiting center and hyppocampus