DNA Replication
What enzyme adds new DNA to the original DNA strand?
DNA polymerase
Chargaff discovered that there were equal portions of nucleotides found in DNA. Which nucleotides pair with eachother from the conclusion of his research?
adenine and thymine
Guanine and cytosine
What is the start codon?
AUG
When a CAC mutates to a GAC this is called a _____ mutation
substitution
introns
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogenous base
What did Griffith call the thing that was changing the bacterium?
What is the central dogma?
DNA > RNA > Protein
How can a mutation be silent?
Multiple codons code for the same amino acid
How many naturally occurring amino acids are there?
20
what enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two nitrogen bases in DNA to unzip genes?
Helicase
Hershey and Chase used a ______________ with radioactive phosphate and another with radioactive sulfur to test whether DNA was the hereditary material
What are the three main differences between DNA and RNA?
Double helix vs single stranded
deoxyribose vs ribose
thymine vs uracil
Why would an insertion deletion be more impactful if it is more upstream of the gene?
Site on the DNA where RNA polymerase binds in transcription
Promoter site
In which direction of the DNA does DNA polymerase add nucleotides?
From the 5 prime to 3 prime direction
What was the difference between R-Strain and S-Strain? Which was virulent and why?
R-strain is nonvirulent and S-strain is virulent because the S-strain had a protein coat that protected it from immune responses
What are the three types of RNA and what do they do?
mRNA copies a transcript of DNA
tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome
rRNA is RNA that is part of the ribosomes structure and help to make proteins
What is a nonsense mutation?
When a codon is mutated into a STOP codon
if a DNA has 20% thymine how much guanine is there in the DNA molecule?
30% Guanine
Come up to the board and draw a 4 rung DNA molecule with sugar, phosphate, 2 adenine thymine and 2 guanine cytosine pairs including the number of hydrogen bonds between each base as well as the directionality of where the 5 prime and 3 prime ends are.
What was the legacy of Rosalind franklin and what was so tragic about her?
She discovered the double helix but her research was stolen by watson and crick and they published her work and received a nobel prize. Rosalind has passed away from cancer due to the nature of her research and the nobel prize cannot be given to those who have already passed away.
Mr. Sun will check your work
What kind of mutation is sickle cell and what is so special about that disease?
substitution, causes hemoglobin to stack which causes blood to look sickled but if an individual is hetero for the gene then they are immune to malaria
if DNA has a script of GATCGACAT, what is the second anticodon?
AGC