Human Variability
What age group consumes the most drugs causing an increased likelihood of drug interactions?
The elderly (older than 70 years)
What does diminished blood flow affect in terms of absorption?
delayed gastric emptying, decreased intestinal motility, and changes in the gastrointestinal pH. This all delays absorption.
What does your body realase when your having an allergic reaction?
Histamine
Do basic and acid drugs compete for the same recpetor?
What food group increases your metabolism
protein
Between what ages do you have an increased loss in psychological functions?
Between the ages of 30-70.
Is plasma protein reduced or increased in late-stage renal disease?
One example of CNS stimulation and one example of CNS depression.
Stimulation- confusion, delirium, disorientation, hallucinations
Depression- dizziness, drowsiness, sedation
What is induction?
Induction is when drugs can increase the concentration of metabolizing enzymes
Is the bioavailability of propranolol, metoprolol, hydralazine and erythromycin enhance or decresed by the precnce of food
enhanced
What percent of drug variability is due to genetics?
20-50%
What hepatic conditions need to be monitored?
Cirrhosis obstructive jaundice and acute viral hepatitis
What drug is given to slow down excessive bleeding when someone is taking an anticoagulants?
Vitamin K
Define synergism
Occurs when two drugs with similar pharmacological actions produce greater effect than the sum of the individual effects.
What does Tyramine do and where is it found?
Ferminted goods, increases metabolism of curtain drugs.
What is one example of a physiological change when you become pregnant affecting how drugs function?
Delayed gastric emptying, decreased gastrointestinal tract motility, plasma protein is reduced increasing metabolism and urinary tract excretion is increased
What drugs are considered high renal clearance drugs(decreased elimination due to blood flow changes)?
penicillin, lithium and allopurinol
Whats an example of a drug that is a teratogenicity?
analgesic, diuretics, antihistamines and antibiotics
How much is the drug quanidine reduced when the pH is increased oveer 7.5
It is reduced by 90%
What common drug shares the same reabsorption site in the nehron as sodium?
lithium
Which drugs do women admit more slowly than men?
proposal, isosorbide dinitrate, diazepam and temazepam
What causes a decline in renal blood flow and metabolizing enzymes in the liver but increases bioavailability in certain drugs?
Hypothyroidism
What drugs cause nephrotoxicity
aminoglycosides, nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs and many others like omeprazole and acyclovir.
What is the antidote for morphine and how does it work?
The antidote is naloxone.Naloxone displaces morphine from their receptor sites, preventing morphine from causing further depression effects.
What does a high fatty meal do to distrubtion of a drug?
it increase fatty acid levels in blood that bind to the same plasma protein binding sites as many drugs. This displays the bond drug and increase the free concentration of thar drug lending to an increase effect.