Piaget on Middle Childhood
What is concrete operational thought?
Ability to reason logically about direct experiences and perceptions.
What is information-processing theory
Compares human thinking processes, by analogy, to computer analysis of data.
What helps vocabulary build in middle childhood?
It builds with development of logical, confrete operational thinking.
By age 4-5 in math what should children be able to do?
Count to 20, understand one-to-one correspondence of objects and numbers, understand more and less, and recognize and name shapes.
What is the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)?
It identifies achievement gaps among Hispanic American, African American, and European American fourth-grade reading and math scores.
What ages does concrete operational though occur?
7 to 12 years old
What is control processes (neurological mechanisms)?
Require the brain to orgainze, prioitize, and direct mental operations.
How does socioeconomic status effect language?
They have smaller vocabularies, simpler vocabularies, and impaired grammer. Hippocampus development and inadequate prenatal care, no breakfast, lead, crowded housing, and neighborhood violence.
What is hidden curriculum?
Unofficial, unstated, or implicit patterns within a school that influence what children learn.
What is the most common types of school in the US?
Public school
What is classification?
Involves organization of things into groups (or categories or classes) according to some common characteristics.
What are the two kinds of control processing?
Metacognition and Metamemory
What is code changing?
Code changes occur when children speak one language at home and another at school.
What are the three international achievement tests?
Trends in math and science study (TIMSS), Progress in international reading literacy study (PIRLS), Programme for international student learning (PISA).
Why are there disparities in the US achievement scores?
More economic then ethnic reasons and disparity in local school funding.
What is seriation?
Includes knowledge that things can be arranged in logical series.
What is knowledge base?
Body of knowledge in a particular area that makes it easier to master related new information.
How many kids code change?
Almost 1 out of 4 U.S. school-age children have home language other then English; 1 of 20 speak regional dialect.
Does gender play a role in grades at school?
Yes, girls tend to have higher grades.
What are the first 5 controversial issues?
Public education and public funding priorities, voucher use, charter school, home-schooling, and public education and freedom of religion.
At what age can most children calssify things?
As knowledge base increases during school years, children are better able to judge what?
Accuracy, what is worth remembering, and what is not.
What is pragmatics?
Ability to use words and devices to communicate in various contexts.
What are some examples of hidden curriculum?
Teacher characteristics and expectations, background and ethnicity. Characteristics and organization of the learning spaces. Sports competitions, student government, extracurricular activities.
What are the last 5 controversial issues?
Arts in the curriculum, learning a second language in primary school, computers in education, class size, and role of soft-skills education in curriculum.