Spanish and Portuguese Conquest
What region was the experimental region for Spanish colonial experience?
Caribbean
What was the biggest reason for the decline of Native American population?
disease
What is the name of the biggest silver mine in Peru?
potosi
Which Portuguese expedition leader accidently landed in Brazil?
Pedro Alvares Cabral
Which Spanish king launched wide-ranging fiscal administrative and military reforms known as the Bourbon reforms?
Charles III
What was the first island in the Caribbean settled by the Spaniards?
Hispaniola
What is the mita system?
labor system that forced people to work for the government
What is Huancavelica?
mountain of mercury
What was the name of the region in Brazil where hold strikes were discovered (became gold rush location after)
Minas Gerais
Which royal officials replaced local Creole leaders to stop corruption in the colonies?
intendants
What was the name for a grant of Indian laborers? This was usually given to Spanish conquerors and settles in Spanish Americas
encomienda
Why did the Spanish crown stop encomiendas?
because they didn't want to see conquitadors become nobles
What are rural estates in Spanish colonies that produced agricultural products?
haciendas
After the introduction of sugar to the Caribbean, which region became the greatest producer of it during the next century?
Brazil
Which war began after the death of Charles II without a heir and ended with the treaty of Utrecht?
The War of Spanish Succession
What are the names of the two rulers who united to create Spain?
Ferdinand of Aragon, Isabella of Castile
What were the 2 biggest diseases that negatively affected the Native American populations?
smallpox and measles
What was the overall effect of the silver being sent to the Spanish colonies?
inflation and bad economy
What were the sociedad de castas based on?
racial origins: European at top, black slaves and Native Americans on bottom, mixed in middle.
Which Portuguese prime minister expelled the Jesuits, enforced mercantilism and restructured Brazil's economy in the spirit of "enlightened despotism."
Marquis of Pombal
Which city was established to guard the Spanish sea route form the Caribbean? HINT: It is the oldest city in the United States
St. Augustine
In Central Mexico, diseases and war brought the population from about __ million to __ million
25 to 2
What is a viceroy?
leader of the individual colonies
What did nobles holding captaincies lack that stopped them from carrying out colonization abroad?
lack of capital
Who led the colonial uprising in Peru over economic grievances?
Tupac Amaru II