Chapter 12
This scientist discovered bacterial transformation in 1928 using Streptococcus pneumonia.
Who is Fred Griffith?
The Y-shaped area where DNA replication occurs
What is a replication fork?
A form of evolution controlled by humans by selecting desired traits.
What is selective breeding?
The process used to make millions of copies of DNA.
What is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
The process of arranging chromosomes by size and number.
What is a karyotype?
The chemical responsible for the transforming principle.
What is DNA?
The three types of RNA.
What are mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA?
Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together best traits.
What is hybridization?
DNA made by combining DNA from different sources
What is recombinant DNA?
A genetic disorder caused by a homozygous recessive allele on chromosome #7 that affects the lungs and pancreas.
What is cystic fibrosis?
These scientists proved DNA carries genetic information using bacteriophages
Who are Hershey and Chase?
The process of copying DNA into mRNA.
What is transcription?
Circular DNA found in bacteria used in genetic engineering.
What is a plasmid?
An organism that contains genes from another species
What is transgenic?
The condition caused by non-disjunction that results in an XXY male
What is Klinefelter’s syndrome?
The base pairing rule discovered by Chargaff.
What is A-T and C-G?
The three-base sequence that codes for one amino acid
What is a codon?
Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences
What are restriction enzymes?
The first cloned mammal created in 1997.
Who is Dolly the sheep?
The inactive X chromosome found in female cells.
What is a Barr body?
The enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds during replication.
What is helicase?
A mutation caused by insertion or deletion that changes the reading frame.
What is a frameshift mutation?
The lab technique used to separate DNA fragments by size
What is gel electrophoresis?
The scientist who discovered PCR.
Who is Kary Mullis?
The technique that produces a pattern of bands used to identify individuals.
What is DNA fingerprinting?