DNA
Chromosomes and DNA Replication
RNA and Protein Synthesis
Mutations
Gene Regulation
100
The ability of one strain of bacteria (harmless kind) to change permanently into another strain (harmful kind)
What is transformation
100
DNA and proteins tightly packed together form the substance called
What is chromatin
100
Three types of RNA
What is mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
100
Changes in the genetic material
What is mutations
100
A group of genes that operate together
What is operon
200
The nucleic acid that stores and transmits genetic information from one generation to the next
What is DNA
200
The first two steps in DNA Replication
What is separate/unzip and produce new complementary strands
200
When mRNA molecules (messages) are produced by copying part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA
What is transcription
200
Gene mutations involving changes in one or a few nucleotides
What is point mutations
200
The lac genes are turned off by _____________ and turned on by the presence of lactose
What is repressors
300
Built the very first model of the DNA double helix
Who is Watson and Crick
300
The proteins that DNA is tightly coiled around
What is histone
300
An enzyme that binds to DNA and separates the strands to use one strand as a template to make a strand of RNA
What is RNA polymerase
300
Mutations that involve changes in the number or structure of chromosomes
What is chromosomal mutations
300
Most eukaryotic genes are controlled individually and have regulatory sequences that are much more or less complex than those of the lac operon
What is more complex
400
The smaller units that join together to make a long molecule of DNA
What is nucleotide
400
The enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule (this enzyme also proofreads DNA)
What is DNA Polymerase
400
A set of three consecutive nucleotides that specify a single amino acid
What is a codon
400
A series of genes that control the differentiation of cells and tissues in the embryo
What is hox gene
500
A kind of virus that infects bacteria (it was used in the Hershey and Chase experiments)
What is bacteriophage
500
The area of the DNA molecule where the two strands are split for replication to take place
What is replication fork
500
The process in which the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins
What is translation
500
A condition where an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
What is polyploidy
500
The name for cells becoming specialized in structure and function
What is differentiation
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