DNA STRUCTURE
DNA REPLICATION
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
MUTATIONS
GENE TECHNOLOGY
100
What does a DNA molecule look like?
A DNA molecule looks like a twisted ladder.
100
What is DNA replication?
DNA replication is the process of a DNA molecule making a copy of itself.
100
Define “protein synthesis.”
Protein synthesis is the making of proteins in the cell.
100
Define “mutation.”
A mutation is any change in the DNA that can be passed on to offspring.
100
Define “selective breeding.”
Selective breeding is the process of selecting organisms with desired traits to serve as parents for the next generation.
200
What is the shape of the DNA molecule called?
The DNA shape is called a double helix.
200
When in the cell cycle does DNA replication happen?
DNA replication happens before mitosis, during the end of interphase.
200
What are proteins made of?
Proteins are made of long chains of amino acids.
200
Explain what happens in a gene mutation.
A gene mutation is when there is a change in one of the bases in the sequence along a gene.
200
Give two examples of selective breeding
Native Americans developed corn; dog breeders develop all the breeds of dogs, horse breeders develop faster race horses, farmers develop cows that give more milk.
300
Who discovered the structure of DNA?
Watson & Crick were the first to make an accurate model, but their work depended on the discoveries of Rosalind Franklin and other scientists.
300
What is the result of DNA replication?
The result is one DNA molecule becoming two daughter molecules, each an exact copy of the parent molecule.
300
What are the three types of RNA?
Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA.
300
What is the difference between a gene mutation, and a chromosome mutation?
A chromosome mutation is when there is a change in the structure or number of chromosomes.
300
What is genetic engineering?
Genetic engineering is the process of transferring genes from one organism into the DNA of another organism.
400
What are the rungs of the DNA molecule made of?
The rungs of the DNA molecule are made of chemical building blocks called bases or nucleotides.
400
How does DNA replication begin?
DNA replication begins with the partial unwinding of the double helix; the base pairs begin to separate.
400
What does mRNA (messenger RNA) do?
Messenger RNA carries the codes from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
400
What is the cause of Down’s Syndrome?
Down’s Syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
400
Give an example of how genetic engineering is used.
Genetic engineering is used to make tomatoes that can grow in cold weather, and cabbages that can kill pests that eat it.
500
What are the four bases in DNA, and which ones always make pairs?
Adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. Adenine always pairs with thymine, and cytosine always pairs with guanine.
500
What is each daughter molecule made of?
Each daughter molecule is made of one original strand and one new strand.
500
How many bases make the code to build an amino acid?
Three bases (3 letters) make the code for each amino acid.
500
Give an example of a mutation that can be helpful, or an example of a mutation that can be harmful. Explain why it is helpful or harmful.
The sickle cell mutation can be helpful, for carriers have protection against malaria. The sickle cell is also harmful, for those with two alleles for the trait may die early.
500
What are some of the ethical questions about genetic engineering?
Should genetic engineering be used to create “better” people? Is genetically engineered food safe to eat?
M
e
n
u