Natural Selection
This person came up with the hypothesis of natural selection.
Who is Charles Darwin?
This is a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and can inbreed producing fertile offspring.
What is population?
The chance for an evolutionary change to occur is this.
What is random?
This mode of natural selection selects for traits towards the mean and against the extreme phenotypes.
What is stabilizing selection?
This is the meaning of p in the HWE.
What is frequency of the dominant allele?
This is the process that results in the formation of new species.
What is speciation?
This prezygotic barrier to speciation occurs when species live in different areas or different habitats in the same area.
What is habitat isolation?
This prezygotic barrier to speciation occurs when the reproductive anatomy of one species does not fit with the anatomy of another species.
What is mechanical isolation?
This occurs when groups of the same common ancestor evolve and accumulate differences resulting from the formation of a new species.
What is divergent evolution.
This term explains the change in genetic makeup of a population over time and is also known as descent with modification.
What is evolution?
This occurs when a large population is drastically reduced by a non-selective disaster leading some alleles to be overrepresented, underrepresented, or absent.
What is bottleneck effect?
This occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a large population with a new gene pool that differs from the large population.
What is founder effect?
This type of natural selection results in traits that may be useful for reproduction, but harmful to survival.
What is sexual selection?
This is the meaning of 2pq in the HWE.
What is percentage of heterozygous individuals?
This type of speciation occurs when there are physical barriers that separate populations from each other.
What is allopatric speciation?
This prezygotic barrier to speciation occurs when species breed at different times of the day, year, or season.
What is temporal Isolation?
This prezygotic barrier to speciation occurs when proteins on the surface of gametes do no allow for the egg and sperm to fuse.
What is gametic isolation?
This occurs when two different species develop similar traits despite having different ancestry.
What is convergent evolution?
This is a process in which individuals that have certain traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of the new traits.
What is natural selection?
These result in a change in genetic variation and can form new alleles not yet seen in a species.
What are mutations?
These are chance events that cause a change in allele frequency from one generation to the next.
What is genetic drift?
This mode of natural selection leads to one extreme of a species phenotype to be preferred over another.
What is directional selection?
This is the meaning of q2 in the HWE.
What is the percentage of homozygous recessive individuals?
This type of speciation occurs when a new species evolves while inhibiting the same geographic region.
What is sympatric speciation?
This prezygotic barrier to speciation occurs when unique behavioral patterns and rituals separate species.
What is behavioral isolation?
This postzygotic barrier to speciation occurs when genes of different parent species may interact in ways that impair the hybrid’s development or survival.
What is reduced hybrid viability?
This occurs when a new habitat or niche allows species to diversify quickly.
What is adaptive radiation?
These are inherited characteristics of an organism that enhance their survival and reproduction.
What are adaptations?
This is the transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to fertile individuals are gametes.
What is gene flow?
Species with low genetic diversity are at a higher risk of this compared to species with higher diversity.
What is extinction?
This mode of natural selection result in both phenotypic extremes having the highest relative fitness.
What is disruptive selection?
The HWE is a hypothetical situation where this process does not occur.
What is evolution (therefore only Mendelian genetics and recombination occurs)?
Sympatric speciation occurs because a new evolving species is able to take advantage of this in the geographic region.
What is a new niche?
This postzygotic barrier to speciation occurs when the hybrid of the first generation is fertile, but when they mate, their offspring is sterile.
What is hybrid breakdown?
This postzygotic barrier to speciation occurs when a hybrid develops in to healthy adult, but is sterile?
What is reduced hybrid fertility?
This is when evolution occurs slowly after hundreds to millions of years.
What is gradualism?
This is a selection where selective breeding of domesticated plans and animals is practiced to produce desirable traits.
What is artificial selection?
These are the 5 conditions to meet a Hardy Weinburg Equilibrium.
What is 1.) No mutations, 2.) random mating, 3.) No natural selection, 4.) Extremely large population, 5.) No gene flow?
Speciation occurs because of this.
What is reproductive isolation?
This is when evolution occurs rapidly after long periods of stasis.
What is punctuated equilibrium?