Deductive Reasoning
This form of reasoning uses clear-cut rules to judge whether a conclusion is logically valid based on given premises.
What is deductive reasoning?
This heuristic is used when people judge something as likely because it looks similar to the population it came from.
What is the representativeness heuristic?
This bias leads people to search for information that confirms their existing beliefs, rather than disprove them.
What is confirmation bias?
People with this decision-making style consider as many options as possible.
What is maximizing?
In a conditional reasoning statement, this term refers to the "if" part of the sentence.
What is the antecedent?
In the anchoring and adjustment heuristic, people rely too heavily on this initial value.
What is the anchor?
The tendency to make judgments based on prior beliefs rather than logical rules is called this effect.
What is the belief-bias effect?
The tendency to underestimate how much time or money a future task will require.
What is the planning fallacy?
What kind of error occurs when someone concludes "If A, then B. B is true, therefore A is true"?
What is affirming the consequent?
Ignoring how often something occurs in a population, and focusing instead on stereotypes, demonstrates this error.
What is the base rate fallacy?
After an event happens, people often feel they "knew it all along."
What is hindsight bias?
According to prospect theory, when facing potential gains, people tend to avoid this.
What is risk?
According to dual-process theory, this type of processing is slow, controlled, and requires focused attention.
What is Type II processing?
This fallacy occurs when people judge the probability of two events together as higher than just one of those events alone.
What is the conjunction fallacy?
This bias causes people to feel overly confident that their personal views are correct in a confrontational situation.
What is myside bias?
This effect occurs when the way a question is worded or the context of a choice influences your decision.
What is the framing effect?