Lymphatic Components
What are the 3 main components of the Lymphatic System?
Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs
There is none
What is the First Line of Defense?
External barriers.
What is the Second Line of Defense?
Leukocytes and macrophages that provide non-specific resistance to pathogens
What is Acquired Immunity?
It is immunity developed overtime through exposure or vaccinations.
What are the 3 main functions of the lymphatic system?
1. Return leaked interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins to the blood
2. House phagocytic cells and lymphocytes
3. Play an essential role in body defense and resistance
How does the lymphatic system move lymph through it's vessels towards the heart?
Small pulsations of vessel walls and capillary valves
Is the First Line of Defense Innate or Acquired Immunity?
Innate
Is the Second Line of Defense Innate or Acquired?
Innate
What are the 4 categories of Acquired Immunity?
Natural Active Acquired Immunity
Natural Passive Acquired Immunity
Artificial Active Acquired Immunity
Artificial Passive Acquired Immunity
Where is the majority of lymph absorbed?
Lymphatic Capillaries
What two body systems are involved in the function fluid recovery and filtration?
The lymphatic system and the circulatory system.
List at least 3 examples of the first line of defense
Skin, mucous membranes, mucous, hairs, cilia, lacrimal apparatus, saliva, urine, defamation and vomiting, sebum, lysozyme, gastric juice
What cell functions as a cytotoxic defense mechanism?
Eosinophils & Neutrophils
Explain what Artificial Passive Acquired Immunity is and give an example.
A medically induced immunity through injection of antibodies into the body. An example of this would be an antiserum for a snake bite.
What is extra fluid in body tissues known as?
Edema
How does lymph reenter the circulatory system?
The current created by the heart in the subclavian veins draws the lymph out of the lymphatic system and pulls it into the circulatory system like a magnet.
What are the two chemical factors of the First Line of Defense that help to destroy bacteria?
Lysozyme and Hyaluronidase
Explain the actions of a natural killer cell.
The NK Cell recognizes an enemy cell, binds to it, releases perforins that penetrate the cell wall and begin apoptosis. The NK Cell then converts itself into a macrophage and consumes the dying cell.
Explain how vaccines work.
Vaccines are composed of a small dose of weaken strains of specific viruses and pathogens. They are injected into the body and allows the immune system to create antibodies without being under too much stress.
Where does the majority of lymph filtration/removal of pathogens take place and why?
Lymph Nodes; they house many lymphocytes to break down and consume any foreign bodies and pathogens in the lymph
Trace a drop of leaked fluid started from an edema until it reenters the blood stream. Be specific.
Lymphatic capillaries -> Large Lymphatic Vessels -> Lymph Nodes -> Lymphatic Trunks -> Lymphatic Collecting Ducts -> Subclavian Veins
The external portion of the entire body, an organ, a cell, etc. etc.
How are Cytotoxic and Natural Killer Cells different? Give at least 2 examples.
NK Cells do not respond to antigens, they attack infected body cells an cancerous cells, they can convert into macrophages.
Cytotoxic cells can detect antigens, they attack foreign cells and parasites, they cannot convert into macrophages.
Explain one example of natural active immunity that does involve medical intervention.
Booster shots.
Even though the body has naturally produced antibodies, sometimes it is necessary for a "booster shot" in order to remind the body of the specific virus and to stimulate regeneration of antibodies.