States of Matter
Put the states of matter in order of compressibility starting with the most compressible phase
gas, liquid, solid
What is a triple point on a phase diagram?
a point that represents the temperature and pressure where 3 phases of a substance can coexist
What is the kinetic-molecular theory?
Describes the behavior of matter in terms of particles in motion
What are intramolecular forces?
The attractive forces that hold particles together in ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds.
What are the two variables that combine to control the phase of a substance?
temperature and pressure
Which state(s) of matter are classified as a fluid?
gas and liquid
Bonus: 100 extra points if you can tell me which is more fluid, liquids or gases?
Name the elements that form hydrogen bonds with Hydrogen.
Fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen
What is Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures?
Bonus 300 points if you can write the formula on the board correctly before the end of your turn.
The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of all the gases in the mixture.
Ptotal = P1 + P2 ....
What are intermolecular forces?
300 bonus points if you can name the 3 types of intermolecular forces.
Holds together identical molecules or two different types of molecules.
Dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds
Name the types of phase changes:
1. Liquid to solid
2. Liquid to gas
1. Freezing
2. Evaporation
What is an amorphous solid?
A solid in which the particles are not arranged in a regular, repeating pattern.
What is the correct formula for calculating kinetic energy?
KE = (1/2)mv2
What is a barometer?
A tool used to measure atmospheric pressure
100 extra points if you said atmospheric pressure rather than air pressure
What are dispersion forces?
100 extra points if you can name what type of molecules dispersion forces happen between.
weak forces that result from temporary shifts in the density of electrons in the electron cloud
nonpolar molecules
Name the types of phase changes:
1. solid to liquid
2. solid to gas
1. melting
2. sublimation
What is a crystalline solid?
a solid whose atoms are arranged in an orderly, organized, geometric structure
Why does pressure increase when you heat a liquid substance inside a container?
Liquid turns into a gas, gas particles increase their speed, particles are hitting the sides of the container more often, this increases pressure
What is elastic collision?
A collision in which no kinetic energy is lost
What are dipole-dipole forces?
attractions between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules
Name the types of phase changes:
1. gas to liquid
2. gas to solid
1. condensation
2. deposition
Describe how the particles behave in a solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid- tightly packed with fixed shape and volume
Liquid- closely packed with fixed volume and not a fixed shape
Gas- moves freely without fixed volume or shape
Which of the following substance(s) forms a hydrogen bond? (There may be more than one!)
1. NH3
2. H2O
3. H2
4. HF
5. CH4
1. NH3
2. H2O
4. HF
a measure of the inward pull by particles in the interior
What are hydrogen bonds?
What happens to the particles during condensation?
When warm vapor molecules come in contact with something cold, the molecules all come back together to form liquid water