A
What happened at Pentecost and why was it important?
Because it's the “birthday” of the Church and the feast day when the Holy Spirit came down upon all (Apostles & followers) hiding in the Upper Room.
What does catholic mean?
Universal; the Church will always teach the same truth in every age (catholic with a lowercase c)
What's a martyr?
a person who dies for their faith
What did Jesus mean and/or say when he spoke about "the world"?
Jesus said, “If the world hates you, know that it has hated me before it hated you.” He also told us to not fear, “But be of good cheer, I have overcome the world.” When Jesus spoke about “the world” in that context, he meant anything/anyone that tries to drive people from The Truth. Unfortunately, many people have rejected, persecuted, and hated the truth since the dawn of humans for different reasons.
Why is the Greek/Eastern Orthodox Church not Catholic?
It's apostolic because it used to be Catholic as part of an Eastern Rite, but they are in schism with the Catholic Church (since 1453). They don't accept the authority of the pope, and their priests can be married.
Why can't Catholic doctrine (core teachings) change?
Because no one can change the rules and core beliefs given to us by God.
What's infallibility?
a gift that keeps the Church free from error in teaching only about faith/doctrine/dogma and morals
What are rites (in the context of churches and this chapter)?
the different and diverse ways the Catholic Mass and other rituals are celebrated
What's indefectibility?
The gift that the Church will be present on earth until the end of the world, no matter what
Why can Catholic disciplines (customs, certain practices) change?
Because there can be diversity in how The Truth is presented.
What's the Roman/Latin Rite?
The type of Mass and Catholic rituals that we celebrate at St. Lawrence; people who practice Catholicism this way are called Roman Catholics; it is the largest Catholic rite and the only Western rite.
How do we know (what's the proof) that infallibility is real? Please use proof other than "Jesus said so."
The Catholic Church still teaches and practices the most important core truths that Jesus said ~2,000 years ago.
How's John different from the other Twelve Apostles?
He's the only one who was with Jesus until the end at His crucifixion, was commanded by Christ to take care of Mary, and is the only Apostle to not be martyred.
How do we know (what's the proof) that indefectibility is true? Please use proof other than "Jesus said so".
Despite everything, the Church has survived:
What's the Byzantine Rite?
The second largest rite in the Catholic Church; their way of offering Mass and decorating is different from ours, but it is still Catholic; it is the largest Eastern rite
What did Jesus say to prove infallibility?
Jesus predicted/promised this gift when he said the Holy Spirit would give the disciples the Spirit of Truth and “…he will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all that I have said to you.”
Why are the "Western" and "Eastern" Catholic Churches so different, yet still Catholic?
The 1 Western Catholic Church and the 6 Eastern Catholic Churches have different customs, but they are all Catholic because they have the same apostolic doctrine and accept the authority of the pope. The Church presents the message of Jesus to people of various cultures in a way that’s understandable to them.
What did Jesus say to prove there's indefectibility?
the powers of death won’t destroy my Church
even if the gates of hell are opened, it will not destroy my Church
“I am with you always, to the close of the age.”