Social Influence & Conformity
When people change their behavior to go along with a group, even if they don’t agree, what is this called?
Conformity
What is an attitude?
A person’s evaluation or feeling toward an idea, object, or person
What is it called when people lose self-awareness and feel less responsible while in a group?
Deindividuation
Prejudice is a negative attitude toward someone based on what factor?
Their membership in a social group
What does attribution theory study?
How people explain the causes of behavior
Which classic experiment demonstrated how people conform to group pressure using line length judgments?
The Asch conformity experiment
What is the goal of persuasion?
To change someone’s attitudes or behaviors
When group members suppress dissent to maintain harmony, what occurs?
Groupthink
How does discrimination differ from prejudice?
Discrimination involves action or behavior, while prejudice is an attitude
When we overemphasize personality and underestimate situational factors to explain someone’s behavior, what is this error called?
The fundamental attribution error
Obedience involves following the commands or instructions of which type of person?
An authority figure
What route to persuasion focuses on logic, evidence, and critical thinking?
The central route to persuasion
What is it called when people exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone?
Social loafing
Kindness that expects nothing in return is called what?
Altruism
When people fail to help in emergencies because others are present, what is this called?
The bystander effect
In the Stanford Prison Experiment, what factor best explained the guards’ cruel behavior?
The power of situational influence
When advertisements use celebrities to appeal to emotion or image, which persuasion route is being used?
The peripheral route to persuasion
What modern phenomenon shows groupthink-like behavior on social media challenges?
Online groupthink
What is the tendency to favor members of our own group over others called?
Ingroup bias
According to the textbook, what theory predicts that people are more likely to help relatives because it increases the chances of shared genes being passed on?
Kin Selection Theory
What type of social influence occurs when people conform because they want to be liked or accepted by others?
Normative social influence
What is the tension or discomfort we feel when our behavior conflicts with our beliefs or attitudes called?
Cognitive dissonance
What theory explains why people may behave differently when they feel anonymous online?
Online deindividuation theory
According to the textbook, what is the “just-world hypothesis”?
The belief that people get the outcomes they deserve, leading to victim-blaming attitudes
What modern research finding shows that bystander effects also occur in digital spaces such as social media or gaming?
Virtual bystander effect