Stress & Appraisal
This perspective defines stress as the process by which we perceive and respond to events that we appraise as threatening or challenging.
What is the preferred definition of stress?
You desperately want to register for a class, but every section is full. This type of stressor occurs when you want something but cannot achieve it.
What is frustration?
This personality pattern is characterized by competitiveness, ambition, impatience, and hostility.
What is Type A behavior?
Studying for an upcoming exam early because you know it will be stressful is an example of this type of coping.
What is problem-focused coping?
Positive psychology's focus on satisfaction with the past, happiness in the present, and optimism about the future is called this.
What is positive well-being?
A researcher studying the physical and psychological reactions people have to a stressful event is primarily using this theoretical perspective.
What is stress as a response?
You have to choose between attending your best friend's birthday party and going on a once-in-a-lifetime family vacation. Both choices are desirable. What type of conflict is this?
What is approach-approach conflict?
Although Type A individuals tend to experience more frustration, this particular characteristic has the strongest association with stress-related outcomes.
What is hostility?
Talking to a friend after receiving a disappointing grade in order to manage your emotional reaction is an example of this type of coping.
What is emotion-focused coping?
Seeking environments and communities that encourage healthy development and positive experiences reflects this component of positive psychology.
What are positive institutions?
Unlike the response perspective, this perspective examines the interaction between a person and their environment to understand how stress develops.
What is stress as a transaction?
You can either study for an exam you hate or attend a mandatory meeting you also hate. Neither option is desirable. This represents what type of conflict?
What is avoidance-avoidance conflict?
A person who believes that their own actions significantly influence what happens in their life demonstrates this type of locus of control.
What is an internal locus of control?
Although common, this coping strategy involves ignoring or refusing to acknowledge a stressful situation and is generally considered ineffective.
What is repressive coping?
Having this type of locus of control is associated with greater activity, happiness, and alertness among nursing-home residents.
What is an internal locus of control?
Before deciding how to handle a stressful situation, a person first determines whether the situation has any relevance to their life. This occurs during this stage.
What is primary appraisal?
A student wants to join a competitive internship because it could improve their résumé, but they are worried about the enormous workload. This represents what type of conflict?
What is approach-avoidance conflict?
Commitment, feeling in control, and viewing challenges as opportunities are characteristics of this stress-resistant personality pattern.
What is hardiness?
This theory proposes that social interaction can benefit mental and physical health even when a person is not currently experiencing significant stress.
What is the Direct Effects Hypothesis?
According to Danner's research, nuns who demonstrated greater optimism lived approximately this much longer than their more pessimistic counterparts.
What are 7 years?
A student learns that their final exam is tomorrow. After deciding that the exam is relevant, they consider whether they have enough time, knowledge, transportation, and emotional resources to handle it. This illustrates this stage of appraisal.
What is secondary appraisal?
Moving to another country and learning which behaviors, traditions, and social expectations are accepted in the new environment can produce this specific type of stress.
What is acculturative stress?
According to this model, environmental stress can activate or "jump-start" a person's preexisting genetic vulnerability to a disease or psychological disorder.
What is the diathesis-stress model?
A therapist helps a person identify pessimistic beliefs and replace them with more optimistic ways of thinking. This stress-reduction technique is being used.
What is Stress Inoculation Training?
Research suggests that social isolation is associated with approximately how much greater risk of dying during a given period compared with socially active individuals?
What is twice the risk?