Causes of the Revolution
What group made up about 97% of the population and paid most taxes?
The Third Estate
What event on July 14, 1789 symbolized the start of the Revolution?
The storming of the Bastille
What group led France after abolishing the monarchy in 1792?
The National Convention
What type of government was created by the Constitution of 1791?
A constitutional monarchy
What event in 1799 brought Napoleon to power?
A coup d’état
What disastrous 1812 campaign greatly weakened Napoleon’s army?
The invasion of Russia
What Enlightenment ideas united many people in France?
Liberty and equality.
Bread is not an enlightenment idea.
What meeting did Louis XVI call to solve France’s financial crisis?
The Estates General
What was the execution device used during the Reign of Terror?
The guillotine
What government replaced the National Convention in 1795?
The Directory
What title did Napoleon take in 1804?
Emperor
What policy did Russia use by destroying crops and supplies?
Scorched-earth policy
What financial burden required peasants to give one-tenth of their income to the Church?
A tithe
What new governing body did the Third Estate create in 1789?
The National Assembly
Who was the radical leader most associated with the Reign of Terror?
Maximilien Robespierre
What were the three political groups in the Legislative Assembly?
Conservatives, moderates, and radicals
What set of laws created under Napoleon established equality before the law?
The Napoleonic Code
What battle in 1815 ended Napoleon’s rule for good?
The Battle of Waterloo
What social class was wealthy and educated but lacked political power?
The bourgeoisie
What document declared that all men are equal and have basic rights?
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
What law allowed arrest of anyone suspected of being an enemy of the Revolution?
The Law of Suspects
What system allowed all adult males to vote in 1792?
Universal manhood suffrage
What agreement restored relations between France and the Catholic Church in 1801?
The Concordat
What meeting reshaped Europe after Napoleon’s defeat?
The Congress of Vienna
What major problem was caused by France supporting the American Revolution?
Increased national debt
What event forced the king and queen to move from Versailles to Paris?
The Women’s March on Versailles
About how many people died during the Reign of Terror?
About 40,000 people
What weakness made the Directory unpopular and ineffective?
Corruption and reliance on the military
What was the purpose of the Continental System?
To block trade with Great Britain
What principle aimed to restore rightful monarchs to their thrones?
Legitimacy