Anatomy
Physiology
Chemistry
Cells
Nursing
Directional Terms
Nursing 2.0
100
The definition of Anatomy.
The study of structures of the body.
100
Physiology is a study of...
The study of how the body functions.
100
What are the 3 components that make up an atom? And what is their charge?
Proton +
Neutron +/-
Electron -
100
Our body uses energy in a form of...
ATP
100
You are a medsurg nurse and your patient Leola's head to toe assessment shows, patient has productive cough, shortness of breath, managed with 2L of oxygen, at 95% 02 saturation, and crackles heard on auscultation on bilateral lower lobes. The Dr put in an order for imaging, which body plane will the radiology tech be taking a picture of?
Frontal or coronal plane.
100
Describe Anatomical Position.
Feet flat and facing forward. Arms at sides with palms facing forward. Head facing forward.
100
You are a nurse working at a nursing home and on your head to toe assessment of Ruby you notice her skin turgor is poor. You know that the human body is made up of over 50% of water, on a cellular level what osmolarity would this be?
High osmolarity (dehydration)
200
Number the organ systems in the body.
11
200
a dynamic equilibrium is also referred to as...
Homeostasis.
200
Anything that has mass and takes up space can be referred to as...
Matter. Matter can be elements or compounds.
200
The nucleus is the cell’s control center, what 2 material are found here?
DNA and RNA
200
You are nurse working on a neuro/medsurge floor with a patient Hazel coming in for new onset siezures. You look at patients lab values and everything is normal except their sodium is below the set point at 100 mEq/L (hypon. What kind of chemical imbalance could be causing her siezures?
Electrolyte imbalance.
200
The directional term away from the body's midline.
Lateral.
200
You are a nurse working at a clinic and you are talking with your patient John about his diet. John states he is on a high carbohydrate diet due to preparing for a marathon. You know John needs extra energy due to high demands of his body breaking what chemical bond?
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
300
Name the smallest living unit in the human body.
Cells.
300
Specifically, the body operates within a narrow range of temperature, fluids, and chemicals.
This range of normal is called...
The set point.
300
Oxygen is a pure substance that cannot be broken down. What kind of matter is this?
Element.
300
Mitochondria is considered the powerhouse of the cell due to producing what?
ATP: adenosine triphosphate
300
You are working at a clinic and Administering flu vaccines, which body region is most common for this kind of administration?
Deltoid.
300
The directional term referred to as close to point of origin.
Proximal.
300
You are a nurse at a clinic and your patient John is preparing for a marathon and is on a high carbohydrate diet. He tells you that he knows his metabolism is helping him and asks you how the 2 chemical reactions work with his metabolism?
Catabolism: Phase of metabolism during which complex substances are converted to simpler ones, resulting in release of chemical energy.
Anabolism: The constructive phase of metabolism during which cells use nutrients and energy for growth and repair.
400
Lymphatic System consists of...
The lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph, thymus, spleen, and tonsils.
400
Most systems supporting homeostasis is operate by...
Negative feedback.
400
Ionic bonds are formed when one atom ____________________ an electron to another
atom.
Transfers.
400
What is the purpose of the microvilli and where in the body are they usually found?
Are folds of the cell membrane that greatly increase the surface area of a cell. Typically found in cells charged with absorbing nutrients—such as the intestines.
400
Your patient Janet has a stage 1 pressure sore on her sacrum, Janet asks you, "is this a deep wound?" What would be your response...
"No mayme, this is a superficial wound."
400
Name the directional term that is below the body or point of origin.
Inferior.
400
You are working in the ICU and just recieved hand off report on Nancy a 80 year old female with fungal sepsis. You look at her lab values and see her ph is 7.15. You know she is isn't well because you remember in your bio class that the normal blood ph has a set point of...
Blood ph: 7.35 to 7.45
500
Endocrine System consists of...
The pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroids, and other organs.
500
Skeletal system key functions...
Protection of body organs, support, movement, and blood formation.
500
What do we call an electrically charged atom?
Ion
500
he plasma membrane is also like a picket fence as opposed to a wall. This gives the membrane its characteristic of...
selective permeability
500
You are working at a nursing home and find your patient Mary in prone position having shortness of breath, which position would you think is better in this situation?
Fowlers.
500
Imaging that reveals a midline view of right or left side of the body that often reveal the head or pelvic cavity.
midsagittal plane.
500
You are working on an oncology unit and your patient Micheal has stage 4 cancer thas metastasized. On your head to toe assessment you notice 4+ pitting edema on patients bilateral legs and feet. You asked the Oncologist why is the edema happening? The oncologist explains to you that when cancer metastasizes it spreads to the the lymphatic system. You know from your bio class that this can happen because the lymphatic system is responsible for what function?
The lymphatic system is responsible for collecting excess fluid, proteins, and waste from the body's tissues and returning them to the bloodstream. Cancer can clog this system and the result is buildup of edema.
600
Digestive System consists of...
The stomach, small and large intestines, esophagus, liver, mouth, and pancreas.
600
The urinary systems key funtions are...
Excretion of wastes, regulation of blood volume and pressure, control of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
600
Name 6 major elements found in the human body.
1) Oxygen; O 2) Carbon; C 3) Hydrogen; H 4) Nitrogen; N 5)Calcium; Ca 6) Phosphorus
600
What is the difference between rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and smooth ER?
Rough ER has ribosomes and produces proteins, smooth ER has no ribosomes and does not produce proteins.
*Smooth ER produces lipids. (Do not need to know this to pass this question.)
600
You are an ED nurse and dispatch notifies you a male patient is coming in with left sided weakness and slurred speach. What should you alert radiology to prepare an image of which body plane for the best image of which body organ?
Tranverse plane (CT scan); Brain
600
The abdominal quadrant that the spleen located.
LUQ
600
You are working on a mother baby unit and your patient Mary asks you what is on the sperm cell to help it swim to the egg when conceving and what is it called when it moves through the cell wall of the female egg?
flagella and active transport.
700
Organization of the Body: List the 8 hierarchy.
1) Atoms 2) Molecules 3) Organelles 4) Cells
5) Tissues 6) Organs 7) Organ systems
8) A human organism
700
Acid-based balance is part of which 3 organ systems...
1) Urinary 2) Circulatory 3) Respiratory
700
Two hydrogen atoms create a slightly positive charge on the partially negative oxygen. Unequal distribution makes it electrically neutral. What kind of molecule is this?
Polar Molecule.
700
How many phases are there in mitosis and what do they do?
Mitosis has 4 stages:
1. Prophase - when chromatin (genetic information) condenses and forms. Chromosomes and the nuclear envelope dissolves.
2. Metaphase - The chromosomes now line up in the center of the dividing cell.
3. Anaphase- The chromosomes are pulled in halves to opposite ends of the dividing cell.
4. Telephase - Cells separate, nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes uncoil to reform chromatin.
700
You are a nurse working on a medsurge floor, and your patient George comes in with a pain score of 10/10 with a diagnosis of appendicitis, which abdominal quadrant does appendicitis cause pain in?
RLQ, many times abdominal pain results from a disorder in an entirely different area. This is called referred pain.
700
The heart is located in which body cavity.
Mediastinmum cavity, which is in thoracic cavity, which is in ventral cavity.
700
You are working on an orthopedic unit and your patient Craig comes in from a car accident and broke his femur bone with a pain score of 10/10. You know your patient is in pain because this is a large bone that is in what direction to the midline of the body.
Proximal.