Immigration 1830s-40s
What countries did immigrants come from? Why was America called a “melting pot”?
Ireland, Germany
What was the education reform moving towards?
Make education available to everyone, educate children to prepare them to be efficient in society, make small changes that would have large social returns for the well being of citizens.
Who was the this movement targeting?
Irish immigrants
What was the general idea of the great awakening?
Religious movement swept through colonies and Europe. Rapid growth of evangelical religions, common colonial experience.
Where did immigrants settle?
Boston, NYC - irish
Pittsburgh, St. Louis, Cincinnati - german
How successful was this reform?
Education became a requirement, schools started teaching more vocational skills
What does WCTU stand for
Womens Christian temperance Union
What were the reasons for the great awakening?
People began to feel as though religion was distant and dull. Believed public had “fallen asleep” and needed to be woken up.
What were the push factors?
Economic troubles, overcrowding, poverty
How did the education movement fail?
South declined ideas, schools stayed segregated, struggle to expand educational opportunitie.
What was the WCTU?
A group of women who organized protests and who worked to get laws passed against alcohol
What was the impact on religion?
Challenged established religious beliefs, popularity of evangelical style of preaching created problems for established churches, new religions began to spread.
What were the pull factors?
Jobs and workers were needed, peace and stability, land, and freedom to make a better life
What were some things done in attempt to push the reform?
Sent out speakers (women because they were good teachers), gathered signatures for petitions, published pamphlets and writings.
Was were the successes of the movement?
Promoted individual choice, began laws regulating the limitation of who could sell alcohol (liquor licenses)
What was the impact on society?
Promoted equality, “anyone could be saved”, challenged established authority “come as you are”
What was the impact of the influx of immigration?
Many people lost their jobs or pay (blamed immigrants for taking jobs) Nativism, much conflict.
Who was Horace Mann? And why was he important?
Set standard for public schools with a new system based on age (grade levels)
What were the failures of the reform?
Crime rates went up, (illegal production, transportation, and sale)Many opposed movement, people stopped consuming alc.
What was “Enlightment”?
Development of new ideas about the rights of people and their relationship to their rulers.