Rashidun
Who were the first four Caliphs?
Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali
Where did the Umayyads move their capital to?
Damascus (Dimashq)
Where did the Abbasids move their capital to?
Baghdad
What city was taken by the Ottoman Empire in 1453 and made their capital
Constantinople (Istanbul)
What is it called when you accept other people's faith and allow them to practice it freely
Religious Tolerance
What does Rashidun mean?
Rightly guided
What was the name for Spain when it was Muslim
Al-Andalus
What famous library did the Abbasids found in their capital city
The House of Wisdom
Safavid Persia
What is the practice of using writing as a form of art
Calligraphy
Which Caliph expanded the empire to Syria, Egypt, and Persia
Umar
What was the name of the tax on non-Muslim people
Jizya
Where did the last Umayyad Caliph flee to after being overthrown by the Abbasids
Al-Andalus (Spain)
A large empire that established tolerant, Muslim rule over the Hindu majority of India
Mughal Empire
What is the famous branch of mathematics that was developed during the Islamic Golden Age
Algebra
What is the meaning of Caliph (خِلَافَةْ)?
Successor, or next in line
At its peak, how far did the Umayyad Empire extend (East to West)
In 1258, who destroyed Baghdad and ended the Abbasid Caliphate.
The Mongol Empire
What was the name for non-Muslim boys taken at a young age and raised to be the elite soldiers of the Ottoman Empire?
Janissaries
What form of early chemistry was started during the Islamic Golden Age
Alchemy
What was the role of the Caliph?
Religious and Political Leader for the Muslim Ummah. The Caliph was supposed to be the successor of Mohammad (PBUH) and be a strong central leader for the Muslim people
What was the affect of moving the Capital from Mecca to Damascus
It moved power away from the Arab tribes and increased the influence of non-Muslim culture like the Greeks.
What was the name of the Central Asia mercenaries who eventually took control of the Abbasid government.
Seljuk Turks
Which Ottoman ruler is considered the greatest and oversaw a Golden Age of Ottoman culture/art.
Suleyman the Magnificent
In what two ways did religious tolerance help Islamic Civilization
1. Encouraged intellectual exchange between different religious groups (scholars from around the world came to learn).
2. Boosted stability and prevented rebellion from newly conquered non-Muslim people
3. Attracted converts to Islam, people learned about Islam through peaceful ways rather than by force